TGF beta 1 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody for WB, IHC-P, IF/ICC, ELISA - P01137

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: TGF beta 1 Function and Localization

• TGF-beta-1 is a member of the transforming growth factor beta family and is synthesized as a 44 kDa proprotein that undergoes proteolytic cleavage to generate the latent LAP-TGF-beta-1 complex (PubMed:29109152). Related references: PMID:29109152
• Maintained in a latent state in the extracellular matrix, activation of TGF-beta-1 is tightly controlled by integrin-mediated release and interaction with milieu molecules such as LRRC32/GARP, LRRC33/NRROS, and LTBP1 (PubMed:19651619, PubMed:19750484, PubMed:2022183, PubMed:22278742, PubMed:28117447). Related references: PMID:19651619, PMID:19750484, PMID:2022183, PMID:22278742, PMID:28117447
• Upon activation, TGF-beta-1 signals through TGFBR1/TGFBR2 to phosphorylate SMAD2/3, leading to nuclear translocation and transcriptional regulation of genes involved in EMT and cell migration (PubMed:20207738, PubMed:25893292, PubMed:29483653, PubMed:30696809). Related references: PMID:20207738, PMID:25893292, PMID:29483653, PMID:30696809
• TGF-beta-1 plays a critical role in immune homeostasis by directing CD4+ T-cell differentiation: high levels promote Treg development, while low levels with IL-6 and IL-21 favor Th17 polarization.
• In bone and cartilage, TGF-beta-1 stimulates osteoblast activity and collagen production, contributing to bone remodeling and osteoarthritis pathology (PubMed:25310401, PubMed:11746498, PubMed:17827158). Related references: PMID:25310401, PMID:11746498, PMID:17827158
• The protein is secreted into the extracellular space and matrix; it contains disulfide bonds, N-linked glycosylation, and a dibasic cleavage site required for activation.

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• The immunogen (aa 30-280) encompasses the LAP domain, which is highly conserved across human, mouse, and rat TGF-beta-1, supporting the reported cross-reactivity. Confirm reactivity in your target species if using other models.
• For Western blot (WB), expect pro-TGF-beta-1 at ~44 kDa under reducing conditions; the mature ~12.5 kDa form may also be detected depending on sample preparation and activation status. Validate with appropriate positive controls.
• In IHC-P, optimize antigen retrieval (e.g., citrate buffer, pH 6.0) and use a biotin-free detection system to minimize background. Validate staining with isotype controls.
• For IF/ICC, permeabilize cells (e.g., 0.1% Triton X-100) and include a no-primary control to assess specificity.
• ELISA applications may require pairing with a capture antibody; consider the antibody's polyclonal nature when developing sandwich assays.

CamelBio: Your One-Stop Sourcing Bridge

CamelBio supplies diagnostic manufacturers and researchers with validated IVD antibody raw materials, including this anti-TGF beta 1 polyclonal antibody for applications in fibrosis, oncology, and immunology research. We offer bulk quantities, custom formulations, and complementary reagents such as antigen proteins and secondary antibodies. With a global network and technical support, CamelBio simplifies procurement from concept to clinic, helping you accelerate assay development and scale-up.