SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody for WB, IF/ICC, ELISA - P0DTC2

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 Function and Localization

• Spike glycoprotein (S) mediates viral entry by binding to the host angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, a key step in initiating infection. Related references: PMID:32142651 PMID:32155444 PMID:33607086
• Alternative receptors such as neuropilin-1 (NRP1)/NRP2, asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 (ASGR1), and integrins can also facilitate virus entry, which may contribute to the tropism for olfactory epithelial cells expressing low ACE2 levels. Related references: PMID:33082294 PMID:33082293 PMID:35150743 PMID:34837059
• The S protein is cleaved by host proteases into S1 (receptor-binding) and S2 (membrane fusion) subunits; cleavage at the S2' site by TMPRSS2 or cathepsin L is essential for fusion activation. Related references: PMID:32142651 PMID:32703818 PMID:34159616 PMID:34561887
• Following cleavage, the S2 subunit undergoes a dramatic conformational rearrangement from a pre-fusion state to a post-fusion trimeric hairpin, bringing the viral and cellular membranes into close apposition for fusion.
• Subcellularly, the spike protein localizes to the virion membrane, the host endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) membrane, and the host cell membrane, reflecting its trafficking and budding cycle.
• The S protein possesses superantigen-like properties and engages in viral immunoevasion, inhibiting host innate immune responses and counteracting restriction factors like tetherin.

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• Immunogen design: The antibody was raised against a synthetic peptide spanning amino acids 200–300 within the S1 subunit (YP_009724390.1), a region overlapping the receptor-binding domain. This epitope is conserved in many SARS-CoV-2 isolates, suggesting broad reactivity.
• For Western blot (WB), the full-length spike protein has a predicted molecular weight of ~141 kDa; however, detection of S1 cleavage products (approximately 80 kDa) may occur depending on sample preparation. Validate using lysates from SARS-CoV-2 infected cells or recombinant S1 protein.
• In immunofluorescence (IF/ICC), consider permeabilization protocols to detect intracellular spike protein in infected cells. Co-staining with organelle markers may assist in studying subcellular localization.
• For ELISA applications, the antibody can be used as a capture or detection reagent for recombinant S1 protein or viral particle quantification. Titer and cross-reactivity should be confirmed against relevant SARS-CoV-2 variants.
• As with all research antibodies, optimal working dilutions should be determined empirically for each assay and sample type.

CamelBio: Your One-Stop Sourcing Bridge

CamelBio is a dedicated one-stop sourcing partner for IVD raw materials, providing researchers and diagnostic manufacturers with high-quality antibodies, ancillary reagents, and custom procurement services. We offer validated monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, matched pairs, and bulk reagents to accelerate SARS-CoV-2 research, therapeutic development, and diagnostic assay design. Whether you need ready-to-use antibody stocks or assistance in sourcing rare targets, our integrated supply chain supports your project from concept to clinic.