Rabbit anti-Mouse S100A9 Monoclonal Antibody for Flow Cytometry (Intracellular) - P31725

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: S100A9 Function and Localization

• S100A9, also known as calgranulin-B or MRP14, is a calcium- and zinc-binding protein critically involved in regulating inflammatory processes and immune responses.
  Related references: PMID:15331440 PMID:17767165 PMID:18403730
• It forms a heterodimeric complex with S100A8, known as calprotectin, which exerts a wide range of intra- and extracellular functions.
• Intracellularly, calprotectin facilitates leukocyte arachidonic acid trafficking, modulates tubulin-dependent cytoskeleton dynamics during phagocyte migration, and activates the neutrophilic NADPH-oxidase.
  Related references: PMID:15331440
• Extracellularly, S100A9 acts as an alarmin/damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP), binding to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (AGER) to amplify pro-inflammatory cascades via MAPK and NF-κB signaling.
  Related references: PMID:17767165 PMID:18403730 PMID:19402754
• It displays direct antimicrobial activity by chelating Zn²⁺, which is essential for microbial growth, and can induce autophagy and apoptosis in target cells.
• S100A9 is predominantly localized in the cytoplasm, associates with the cytoskeleton, and is secreted extracellularly upon activation.
• Post-translational modifications include acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation, and it is associated with keywords such as immunity, chemotaxis, antioxidant, and metal-binding.

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• The immunogen encompasses the full-length mouse S100A9 protein (amino acids 1-113), suggesting potential recognition of native epitopes; consider titrating the antibody to determine optimal working concentration for intracellular flow cytometry.
• Because S100A9 frequently forms heterodimers with S100A8, experimental designs may need to account for possible detection of the calprotectin complex in mouse leukocyte samples.
• As this is a directly conjugated antibody with , it is ready for immediate use in multiplex flow cytometry panels; validate specificity in relevant mouse immune cell populations (e.g., neutrophils, monocytes).

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