Rabbit anti-Human TIM-3/HAVCR2 Monoclonal Antibody for Flow Cytometry - Q8TDQ0

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: TIM-3/HAVCR2 Function and Localization

• Protein identity and isoforms: Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 (HAVCR2), also known as T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM-3), is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the TIM family of immunomodulatory receptors.
• Core inhibitory immune checkpoint: TIM-3 functions primarily as a co-inhibitory receptor that attenuates T-cell responses, promoting immunological tolerance and suppressing Th1-mediated auto- and alloimmune responses. Related references: PMID:14556005
• Regulation of T-cell signaling: In CD8+ cells, TIM-3 inhibits TCR-induced NF-kB and NFAT activities, reducing IL-2 secretion, possibly through LCK association and recruitment of PTPRC to the immunological synapse. Related references: PMID:24337741 PMID:26492563
• Ligand interactions: TIM-3 binds to galectin-9 (LGALS9) and phosphatidylserine (PtSer), mediating immune suppression, apoptosis of Th1 cells, and phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. However, the functional relevance of LGALS9 binding has been debated. Related references: PMID:16286920 PMID:24337741 PMID:23555261
• Innate immune modulation: Expressed on macrophages, dendritic cells, and NK cells, TIM-3 regulates innate responses, including macrophage activation and NK cell cytotoxicity. Related references: PMID:11823861 PMID:22323453 PMID:22383801
• Tissue expression pattern: TIM-3 is predominantly expressed on Th1 cells, regulatory T (Treg) cells, dendritic cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. Its expression is upregulated in chronic infections such as HCV and HIV, contributing to T-cell exhaustion.
• Subcellular localization and topology: Localized to the cell membrane and concentrated at cell junctions, featuring an extracellular immunoglobulin domain, a transmembrane helix, and a cytoplasmic tail with conserved tyrosine residues.
• Post‑translational modifications: The protein undergoes N‑linked glycosylation, palmitoylation, and phosphorylation. Disulfide bonds stabilize the Ig domain, and ubiquitination may regulate turnover.

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• The immunogen corresponds to the extracellular domain (aa 22–200) of human TIM-3, ensuring recognition of the native receptor. Consider using recombinant TIM-3 protein or TIM-3‑transfected cells as positive controls.
• For flow cytometry, titrate the antibody from 0.1 to 1.0 µg per million cells and include appropriate isotype controls. Validate staining on activated human T cells (e.g., anti‑CD3/CD28 stimulated PBMCs) where TIM-3 is upregulated.
• This conjugated antibody streamlines direct detection, minimizing nonspecific background from secondary reagents. Use in multicolor panels with careful compensation, particularly when combining with other 488‑nm fluorophores.
• Confirm substrate cell viability and avoid fixation protocols that mask the epitope; staining live cells is recommended.

CamelBio: Your One-Stop Sourcing Bridge

CamelBio provides diagnostic manufacturers, labs, and research institutes with one‑stop access to IVD raw materials, technical services, and consulting—covering every stage from concept to clinic. With a focus on immune‑oncology targets like TIM‑3, we supply validated antibody pairs, optimized monoclonal antibodies (including conjugated formats), bulk ancillary reagents, and can source rare target raw materials to accelerate your assay development. Partner with us to streamline your procurement and bridge the gap between discovery and commercial diagnostic products.