Rabbit anti-Human LILRB4/CD85k/ILT3 Monoclonal Antibody for FC - Q8NHJ6

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: LILRB4/CD85k/ILT3 Function and Localization

• LILRB4 (leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 4), also known as ILT-3, LIR-5, or CD85k, is a transmembrane inhibitory receptor belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily.
• It acts as a receptor for multiple ligands, including fibronectin (FN1), apolipoprotein E (APOE), and ALCAM/CD166, linking it to extracellular matrix and cell adhesion signaling. Related references: FN1 binding: PMID:34089617; APOE binding: PMID:30333625; ALCAM binding: PMID:29263213
• Upon ligand engagement, LILRB4 inhibits receptor-mediated phosphorylation of cellular proteins and mobilization of intracellular calcium, leading to down-regulation of immune cell activation. Related references: PMID:9151699
• In monocytes, LILRB4 inhibits FCGR1A/CD64-mediated activation by promoting phosphatase-dependent dephosphorylation of signaling molecules (LCK, SYK, LAT, ERK), thereby reducing TNF production. Related references: PMID:19833736
• LILRB4 suppresses T cell proliferation, induces anergy, inhibits differentiation of IFNG-producing CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, and enhances generation of CD8+ T suppressor cells. Related references: PMID:16493035, PMID:19833736, PMID:29263213
• It upregulates CD86 on dendritic cells, potentially modulating antigen presentation and further contributing to immune tolerance. Related references: PMID:19860908
• LILRB4 interferes with TNFRSF5/CD40 signaling and NF-kappa-B activation, providing a mechanism for its role in dampening immune responses. Related references: PMID:11875462
• The receptor localizes to the cell membrane and is predominantly expressed on monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and B cells, with detectable levels in lung tissue. It exists in alternatively spliced isoforms and is regulated by phosphorylation.

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• The immunogen comprises the extracellular domain (amino acids 22-259) of human LILRB4, suggesting the antibody recognizes the ligand-binding region; consider this when designing competition or blocking assays.
• The antibody is directly conjugated to and is intended for flow cytometry. Optimize staining concentrations and include appropriate isotype controls and Fc-blocking steps when working with myeloid cell populations.
• As LILRB4 is expressed on various immune cells (monocytes, DCs, NK cells, B cells), validate antibody reactivity in your specific cell system, e.g., PBMCs, isolated monocytes, or cell lines, and confirm specificity with knockout or knockdown controls when possible.
• The protein is a phosphoprotein; ensure that cell preparation and fixation methods do not interfere with epitope recognition if analyzing cells under different activation states.
• For multicolor panel design, consider spectral compatibility of with other fluorophores and the moderate expression level of LILRB4 in resting immune cells.

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