Rabbit anti-Human CD94 Monoclonal Antibody for FC - Q13241

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: CD94 (KLRD1) Function and Localization

• CD94 (KLRD1) serves as a ligand-binding subunit that pairs with KLRC1 or KLRC2 to form heterodimeric immune receptors. These complexes recognize the non-classical MHC class Ib molecule HLA-E presenting self-peptides, allowing cytotoxic lymphocytes to monitor MHC class I expression and maintain self-tolerance. Related references: PMID:10023772, PMID:18064301, PMID:18083576, PMID:12387742, PMID:9430220

• The KLRD1-KLRC1 complex acts as an inhibitory receptor, particularly on NK cells and memory/effector CD8+ T cells. It signals through ITIMs, recruiting SHIP-1 and SHIP-2 phosphatases to dampen activating signals. In tumor microenvironments, this pathway can promote lymphocyte exhaustion, establishing an immune checkpoint. Related references: PMID:30860984, PMID:9485206, PMID:12165520, PMID:30503213, PMID:12387742, PMID:18064301

• In contrast, the KLRD1-KLRC2 receptor mediates activation upon binding HLA-E loaded with peptides from HLA-G. It couples to the adaptor TYROBP/DAP12 and drives effector functions in adaptive NK cells and contributes to maternal-fetal tolerance. Related references: PMID:15940674, PMID:9655483, PMID:30134159, PMID:9754572, PMID:20952657, PMID:21825173

• CD94 is a transmembrane glycoprotein located on the cell surface, with expression enriched in NK cells and subsets of CD8+ αβ and γδ T cells. Differential expression of the inhibitory and activating complexes defines functionally distinct lymphocyte populations.

• Post-translational modifications include glycosylation and disulfide bond formation, and alternative splicing generates isoforms.

• Several viruses exploit CD94–HLA-E interactions for immune evasion. Human cytomegalovirus and HIV-1 produce peptides that stabilize HLA-E, while SARS-CoV-2 may induce NK and T cell exhaustion through this axis. Related references: PMID:32859121

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• The immunogen is full-length recombinant human CD94 protein, which may support recognition of native epitopes in flow cytometry. Validate antibody specificity with CD94-negative or knockout cell lines.
• For optimal flow cytometry staining, titrate the antibody for each cell type and include appropriate isotype controls. Perform Fc receptor blocking if working with FcR-expressing samples.
• Consider fixation and permeabilization protocols carefully; surface staining is typical for live-cell flow cytometry, but intracellular detection may require additional optimization.
• If dual-staining with other fluorescent antibodies, check spectral overlap and compensation settings, as is compatible with common laser lines (e.g., 633/635 nm).

CamelBio: Your One-Stop Sourcing Bridge

CamelBio serves as a comprehensive partner for IVD raw-material procurement, offering this CD94 antibody alongside a wide range of immune-oncology research reagents. Our catalog includes validated antibody pairs, optimized monoclonal/polyclonal antibodies, and bulk ancillary materials to support assay development and clinical translation. For rare or custom targets, CamelBio provides expert sourcing and technical consultation, bridging the gap from concept to clinic.