Rabbit anti-Human CD28 Monoclonal Antibody for Flow Cytometry - P10747

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: CD28 Function and Localization

• CD28 is a T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein that serves as a costimulatory receptor essential for T-cell activation, proliferation, survival, and the maintenance of immune homeostasis. Related references: PMID:1650475 PMID:7568038
• Upon engagement with its cognate ligands CD80 or CD86, CD28 amplifies TCR signals and delivers unique intracellular signals that reprogram T-cell gene expression, leading to increased proliferation and cytokine production, particularly IL-2, in both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets. Related references: PMID:12196291 PMID:24665965 PMID:35397202
• Ligand binding triggers the recruitment of protein kinase C-theta (PRKCQ) and GRB2, activating NF-kappa-B through both PI3K/Akt-dependent and -independent pathways; in conjunction with TCR/CD3 and CD40L costimulation, this enhances IL-4 and IL-10 production. Related references: PMID:21964608 PMID:24665965 PMID:7568038 PMID:8617933
• CD28 also potentiates CD40L-mediated activation of NF-kappa-B and the kinases MAPK8 and PAK2 in T-cells. Related references: PMID:15067037
• Expressed on the cell surface of T-cells and plasma cells, CD28 belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily and contains a single Ig-like V-type domain, a transmembrane region, and a cytoplasmic tail that undergoes phosphorylation upon activation.
• Post-translational modifications include N-linked glycosylation and phosphorylation on tyrosine residues, which are critical for signal transduction.
• The mature protein has a calculated molecular weight of approximately 25 kDa (25066 Da), consistent with its detection in Western blotting and flow cytometry applications.

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• The antibody was generated against full-length recombinant human CD28 protein (P10747). Its performance has been validated in flow cytometry (FC); for other applications, users should perform individual optimization.
• For FC, titrate the antibody to determine the optimal staining concentration in the relevant sample system, and include appropriate isotype controls and Fc blocking steps to minimize non‑specific binding.
• As CD28 is rapidly internalized upon activation, consider performing surface staining at 4°C or using a metabolic inhibitor to prevent ligand‑induced internalization if studying activated T-cells.
• Confirm target specificity by pre‑incubating the antibody with excess recombinant CD28 protein to block specific staining.

CamelBio: Your One-Stop Sourcing Bridge

CamelBio supports diagnostic manufacturers and research laboratories by offering a comprehensive range of IVD raw materials, including validated antibody pairs, optimized monoclonal/polyclonal antibodies, and bulk ancillary reagents. For projects involving T-cell biology, immune checkpoints, or immunotherapy development, this anti‑CD28 antibody serves as a reliable tool for flow cytometric analysis. Through its one‑stop sourcing model, CamelBio also assists in securing rare‑target raw materials and provides technical consultation to streamline assay development from concept to clinic.