Rabbit anti-Human CD28 Monoclonal Antibody for FC - P10747

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: CD28 Function and Localization

• CD28 (Tp44) is a T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. It functions as a costimulatory receptor essential for T-cell activation, proliferation, and survival. Related references: PMID:1650475, PMID:7568038
• Engagement of CD28 by its ligands CD80 or CD86 amplifies TCR signaling, enhancing cytokine production (especially IL-2) and modulating gene expression programs in both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells. Related references: PMID:12196291, PMID:35397202
• CD28 ligation triggers intracellular signaling cascades involving recruitment of PRKCQ and GRB2, leading to NF-kappa-B activation via PI3K/Akt-dependent and -independent pathways. Related references: PMID:21964608, PMID:24665965
• In combination with TCR/CD3 and CD40L costimulation, CD28 enhances the production of IL-4 and IL-10 in T-cells. Related references: PMID:8617933
• CD28 also enhances CD40L-mediated activation of NF-kappa-B and kinases MAPK8 and PAK2 in T-cells. Related references: PMID:15067037
• The protein is localized at the cell membrane and cell surface, consistent with its receptor function. Post-translational modifications include glycosylation and phosphorylation; it contains an immunoglobulin domain, a transmembrane helix, and a disulfide bond.
• Tissue expression is restricted to T-cells and plasma cells, with absent in less mature B-cells. Alternative splicing generates distinct isoforms, and disease variants have been identified.

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• The immunogen is full-length recombinant human CD28, suggesting the antibody may recognize native protein conformation. It is recommended for flow cytometry applications.
• For direct immunofluorescence, titrate the antibody to determine the optimal concentration for your cell system. Include appropriate isotype controls and consider Fc receptor blocking if needed.
• Validate staining under conditions that preserve cell surface markers, and use freshly isolated or appropriately stimulated T-cells to ensure detectable CD28 expression.

CamelBio: Your One-Stop Sourcing Bridge

CamelBio serves as your comprehensive partner for IVD raw material sourcing, offering validated antibody pairs, optimized monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, and bulk ancillary reagents. With this -conjugated anti-CD28 antibody, we support your research in T-cell immunology and immuno-oncology, and we can also assist in sourcing rare targets or custom reagents to accelerate your diagnostic development.