Rabbit anti-Human CD152/CTLA-4 Monoclonal Antibody for Flow Cytometry (Intracellular) - P16410

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: CTLA-4 Function and Localization

• CTLA-4 (Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4), also known as CD152, is an inhibitory receptor that acts as a major negative regulator of T-cell responses. It functions as a decoy receptor with high affinity for the B7 family ligands CD80 and CD86, outcompeting the stimulatory coreceptor CD28. Related references: PMID:11279501, PMID:11279502, PMID:16551244

• CTLA-4 contains a single immunoglobulin V-like domain and belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily of immune checkpoint proteins.

• The protein is primarily localized at the cell membrane and is expressed in lymphoid tissues, with highest levels in activated T-cells, though surface expression is 30- to 50-fold lower than CD28.

• CTLA-4 plays a critical role in maintaining immune homeostasis and self-tolerance; genetic variants are associated with autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes and systemic lupus erythematosus.

• Post-translational modifications include N-linked glycosylation and phosphorylation, which regulate its trafficking and function.

• As a pharmaceutical target, CTLA-4 is the focus of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies (e.g., ipilimumab) to enhance anti-tumor immunity.

• Multiple transcript variants encode different isoforms, suggesting functional diversity.

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• The immunogen corresponds to the extracellular domain (amino acids 37-162) of human CTLA-4; the antibody is designed for intracellular flow cytometry, indicating it can detect intracellular pools of CTLA-4 after cell permeabilization.
• For optimal FC (intra) results, consider titrating the antibody and optimizing fixation and permeabilization protocols to ensure adequate access to intracellular CTLA-4 while maintaining surface antigen integrity for co-staining if needed.
• This antibody is validated for human samples; cross-reactivity with other species is not expected, so validate in the relevant human sample system before use.
• Since CTLA-4 is dynamically regulated upon T-cell activation, stimulating T cells prior to staining may enhance detection of intracellular CTLA-4.

CamelBio: Your One-Stop Sourcing Bridge

CamelBio serves as a comprehensive sourcing partner for IVD raw materials, offering diagnostic manufacturers and research laboratories streamlined access to critical reagents like this anti-CTLA-4 antibody. Our portfolio includes validated antibody pairs, optimized monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, and bulk ancillary reagents to support immune checkpoint research and immuno-oncology assay development. From single targets to complete reagent panels, CamelBio bridges the gap from concept to clinical application.