Rabbit anti-Human BTN3A1/2/3 mAb - O00481 / P78410 / O00478

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: BTN3A1/2/3 Function and Localization

• BTN3A1 (Butyrophilin subfamily 3 member A1), also known as CD277, BTF5, and BT3.1, is a member of the butyrophilin family, which shares structural homology with the B7 family of co-stimulatory molecules.
• BTN3A1 plays a critical role in T-cell activation and adaptive immunity by regulating the proliferation of activated T-cells and modulating cytokine release, including interferon-gamma (IFNG).
• It mediates the response of T-cells toward infected and transformed cells characterized by elevated levels of phosphorylated metabolites, such as isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP), through its interaction with the T-cell receptor (TCR).
• The antibody recognizes BTN3A1 along with the closely related family members BTN3A2 (GeneID: 11118) and BTN3A3 (GeneID: 10384), which are also butyrophilin subfamily 3 members with immunoglobulin-like domains and transmembrane regions.
• BTN3A1 is localized at the cell membrane, where it functions as a transmembrane receptor with an extracellular immunoglobulin V-like domain and a cytoplasmic region.
• It is widely expressed, detected on T-cells, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages, with high expression in heart, pancreas, and lung tissues.
• Post-translational modifications include glycosylation and disulfide bond formation, as indicated by its glycoprotein status and structural features.
• The protein is also subject to alternative splicing, yielding multiple isoforms.

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• The antibody was generated against a recombinant fusion protein covering amino acids 470–630 of human BTN3A1, encompassing the C-terminal region. For flow cytometry, verify surface expression and epitope accessibility on your target cell population, as the intracellular portion may require permeabilization if the epitope is not exposed extracellularly.
• is a bright and photostable fluorophore suitable for flow cytometry. Optimize antibody titration (typically 0.1–10 µg/mL) and include appropriate isotype controls and compensation controls in your panel to ensure accurate gating.
• Since this monoclonal antibody recognizes BTN3A1, BTN3A2, and BTN3A3, be aware of potential multiple targets when interpreting staining patterns, especially in cells co-expressing these family members. Confirm specificity using knockout or knockdown validation in relevant sample systems.
• The recommended application is FC (Flow Cytometry). For other applications, such as IHC or WB, independent validation is required; consider that the immunogen may affect performance in denaturing or fixed conditions.

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