Phospho-β-Catenin (S33/S37/T41) Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody for IHC-P, ELISA - P35222

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: β-Catenin Function and Localization

• Beta-catenin (catenin beta-1) is a key downstream effector of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. In the absence of Wnt, it is phosphorylated at N-terminal Ser/Thr residues (including S33, S37, T41) by a destruction complex containing AXIN, APC, GSK3B, and CSNK1A1, leading to its ubiquitination by BTRC and proteasomal degradation.
  Related references:
  PMID:17524503 | PMID:18077326 | PMID:18086858
• Upon Wnt ligand stimulation, the destruction complex is inhibited, allowing beta-catenin to accumulate and translocate to the nucleus, where it acts as a coactivator for TCF/LEF transcription factors to activate Wnt-responsive genes.
  Related references:
  PMID:17524503 | PMID:18077326 | PMID:18086858
• Beta-catenin also serves as an essential structural component of adherens junctions, linking E-cadherin to the actin cytoskeleton and thereby regulating cell adhesion. (By similarity)
• It promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by driving transcription of CTNNB1/TCF target genes, which is critical for development and cancer metastasis.
  Related references:
  PMID:29910125
• Beta-catenin is expressed in various tissues, including colon, breast cancer tissues (at protein level), hair follicles, and cortical neurons, and localizes to the cytoplasm, nucleus, cell membrane, and centrosome.
  Related references:
  PMID:29367600
• Post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination, tightly regulate its stability and activity; phosphorylation at S33/S37/T41 is the key signal for degradation.

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• For IHC-P, consider using antigen retrieval and including phosphatase inhibitors to preserve phosphorylation signals. Validate the antibody with both phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated peptide blocking controls.
• In ELISA, the phosphorylated peptide immunogen can serve as a positive control to assess assay sensitivity and specificity.
• The antibody has been shown to react with human, mouse, and rat samples; for other species, verify cross-reactivity experimentally.
• Given the low stoichiometry of phosphorylation, enrichment steps or sensitive detection methods may be required.

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