Phospho-Tyrosine Hydroxylase-S40 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody for WB, ELISA - P07101

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH) Function and Localization

• Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), encoded by the TH gene, is also known as tyrosine 3-monooxygenase. It is the rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine biosynthesis, producing dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline.
• TH catalyzes the hydroxylation of L-tyrosine to L-DOPA using tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) and molecular oxygen as co-substrates, a critical step for neurotransmitter synthesis. Related references: PMID:15287903 PMID:1680128 PMID:17391063 PMID:24753243 PMID:34922205 PMID:8528210
• In addition to tyrosine, TH can hydroxylate phenylalanine and tryptophan with lower specificity, though its primary physiological role is catecholamine production.
• Alternative splicing generates isoforms that lack catalytic activity, which may function as regulatory subunits or dominant-negative modulators.
• TH is predominantly expressed in the brain and adrenal glands, aligning with its role in neuronal and hormonal catecholamine synthesis.
• The protein localizes to multiple subcellular compartments, including the cytoplasm, perinuclear region, nucleus, axon terminals, and synaptic vesicles, indicating dynamic trafficking.
• TH is a phosphoprotein, and phosphorylation at residues such as serine 40 (S40) modulates enzymatic activity and catecholamine output.
• As a member of the biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylase family, TH requires iron as a cofactor for catalysis and is implicated in neurological disorders like Parkinson disease and dystonia.

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• The immunogen used is a synthetic phosphorylated peptide corresponding to residues around Ser40 of human TH. Confirm the phosphorylation specificity using phosphatase-treated samples or non-phosphorylated peptide blocking.
• For Western blot (WB), the protein weight of TH is observed at 45–59 kDa due to phosphorylation, alternative splicing, or post-translational modifications. Validate the band size in your sample system.
• In ELISA applications, consider using the antibody for detecting phosphorylated TH in cell or tissue lysates. Titrate the antibody to optimize signal-to-noise ratio.
• The antibody shows cross-reactivity with rat TH. When working with other species, verify cross-reactivity as sequence homology may affect recognition.
• Store and handle as recommended (shipped on ice bags) to preserve antibody stability and activity.

CamelBio: Your One-Stop Sourcing Bridge

CamelBio serves as a comprehensive one-stop partner for diagnostic manufacturers, laboratories, and research institutions, offering validated antibody pairs, optimized monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, bulk ancillary reagents, and custom sourcing of rare-target raw materials. This phospho-specific TH antibody supports research into catecholamine biosynthesis, neurological disorders, and stress-related signaling pathways. From concept to clinic, CamelBio ensures reliable raw-material supply and technical support to accelerate your IVD development.