Phospho-Tau-T231 Rabbit pAb for WB, ELISA - P10636

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: Tau Function and Localization

• Microtubule-associated protein tau promotes microtubule assembly and stability, and is implicated in establishing and maintaining neuronal polarity. Related references: PMID:21985311
• The C-terminus binds axonal microtubules, while the N-terminus interacts with neural plasma membrane components, suggesting tau functions as a linker between microtubules and membrane. Related references: PMID:21985311, PMID:32961270
• Multiple isoforms are generated by alternative splicing; shorter isoforms confer cytoskeletal plasticity, whereas longer isoforms may preferentially stabilize microtubules.
• Subcellularly, tau is found in the cytoplasm, cytosol, associated with the cell membrane and cytoskeleton, and localizes to axons, dendrites, and can be secreted.
• In neurons, tau is expressed in both central and peripheral nervous systems, with isoform PNS-tau specific to the peripheral nervous system.
• Tau undergoes extensive post-translational modifications including phosphorylation (at sites like T231), acetylation, glycation, methylation, and ubiquitination, which are critical for its function and aggregation in neurodegeneration.
• Keywords: 3D-structure, Alternative splicing, Alzheimer disease, Cell projection, Cytoskeleton, Neurodegeneration, Phosphoprotein, Secreted, Ubl conjugation.

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• The immunogen is a synthetic phosphorylated peptide corresponding to the region around T231 of human Tau; therefore, antibody specificity for the phospho-epitope should be confirmed, for example, by using lambda phosphatase treatment or non-phosphorylated peptide competition.
• For Western blotting, consider testing a range of antibody dilutions and include phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated protein controls.
• Since the antibody shows cross-reactivity with mouse and rat, it may be suitable for detecting Tau-pT231 in these species; validate in the relevant sample system (e.g., rodent brain lysates).
• Given the predicted molecular weight of ~79 kDa for full-length Tau isoforms, verify band migration patterns and potential additional bands from alternatively spliced isoforms or degradation.

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