Phospho-STING/TMEM173-S365 Rabbit pAb - Q3TBT3

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: STING (Stimulator of Interferon Genes Protein) Function and Localization

• STING (stimulator of interferon genes), also known as TMEM173, is an innate immune sensor that detects cytosolic DNA from bacteria and viruses, leading to type I interferon production. Related references: PMID:18818105 PMID:19433799 PMID:19776740
• It directly binds cyclic dinucleotides such as c-di-GMP, cUAMP, and cGAMP, with a strong preference for the 2'-3' linkage isomer of cGAMP produced by the enzyme cGAS. Related references: PMID:21947006 PMID:23258412 PMID:23519410 PMID:26300263
• Upon ligand binding, STING oligomerizes and translocates from the endoplasmic reticulum to the ER–Golgi intermediate compartment, where it is phosphorylated by TBK1 on the pLxIS motif (including S365 in mouse), recruiting and activating IRF3 to induce interferon expression. Related references: PMID:25636800 PMID:27324217 PMID:29973723
• Beyond interferon induction, STING promotes autophagy independently of TBK1 by forming COPII vesicles that give rise to the ERGIC, which serves as a membrane platform for LC3 lipidation and autophagosome formation targeting cytosolic DNA or pathogens. Related references: PMID:30568238
• STING localizes to multiple membranes, including the endoplasmic reticulum, ER–Golgi intermediate compartment, Golgi apparatus, autophagosomes, mitochondria outer membrane, and lysosomes, reflecting its dynamic trafficking and diverse functions.
• Tissue expression is prominent in spleen, thymus, and dendritic cells, consistent with its key role in immune surveillance.
• Critical post-translational modifications include phosphorylation at S365 and other residues, palmitoylation, and ubiquitination, which regulate its activation, trafficking, and stability.

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• This rabbit polyclonal antibody was raised against a synthetic phosphopeptide corresponding to the S365 phosphorylation site of mouse STING; it is expected to recognize the phosphorylated form preferentially—verify specificity using phosphatase-treated samples or non-phospho peptide competition.
• For Western blot analysis, a band near 43 kDa is anticipated; include phosphatase inhibitors in the lysis buffer to preserve endogenous phosphorylation during sample preparation.
• The antibody shows cross-reactivity with human and mouse STING as indicated; however, species-specific validation in the relevant sample system (e.g., stimulated immune cells) is recommended before quantitative applications.
• While suitable for ELISA, optimal coating concentrations, blocking conditions, and detection dilutions should be determined empirically for each assay format.

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