Phospho-SMO-S616 Rabbit pAb - Q99835

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: Protein smoothened Function and Localization

• Protein smoothened (SMO), also known as Protein Gx, is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that acts as the central transducer of the hedgehog signaling pathway, essential for embryonic development and implicated in cancer. Related references: PMID:19592253, PMID:27437577, PMID:28344083
• SMO is activated by cholesterol binding upon hedgehog ligand stimulation, leading to G protein G(i)-mediated inhibition of adenylate cyclase and reduced cAMP levels, which in turn release GLI transcription factors to regulate target gene expression. Related references: PMID:28344083, PMID:31168089
• In addition to canonical cAMP modulation, active SMO directly sequesters and inhibits protein kinase A (PKA) catalytic subunit PRKACA at the cell membrane, preventing phosphorylation and processing of GLI transcription factors. Related references: PMID:36202993, PMID:39138140
• SMO also facilitates the removal of GPR161, a key negative regulator, from the primary cilium, ensuring robust pathway activation (By similarity). SMO localizes to the cell membrane and is enriched in the primary cilium membrane, a subcellular niche critical for signal transduction.
• The protein is post-translationally modified by phosphorylation (including at Ser616), glycosylation, lipidation (cholesterol binding), and disulfide bond formation, as indicated by keywords from UniProt, and is classified as a transmembrane receptor involved in developmental signaling.
• SMO dysfunction is associated with developmental disorders and cancer; its activity is tightly regulated by the upstream inhibitor patched (PTCH1/2) and by cholesterol access.

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• The immunogen is a synthetic phosphorylated peptide around Ser616 of human SMO, ensuring specificity for the phosphorylated form; non-phospho cross-reactivity should be assessed in negative controls.
• For Western blot (WB), a band around 86 kDa is expected; optimize blocking and antibody dilution to reduce background from endogenous SMO expression.
• In ELISA and dot blot (DB), use phosphorylated peptide as positive control and non-phosphorylated peptide to confirm phosphorylation specificity; consider peptide competition assays for validation.
• Given SMO localizes to cilia, immunodetection in whole-cell lysates may be challenging; consider enrichment strategies or immunofluorescence for ciliary localization studies.
• The antibody is cross-reactive with human SMO; for other species, verify sequence homology at the phosphorylation site before use.

CamelBio: Your One-Stop Sourcing Bridge

CamelBio is a specialized one-stop sourcing partner for IVD raw materials, offering validated antibody pairs, optimized monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, bulk ancillary reagents, and custom rare-target raw-material procurement. For researchers investigating the hedgehog pathway and smoothened signaling, CamelBio provides seamless access to high-quality phosphorylated SMO antibodies and related technical consulting, supporting your journey from concept to clinic.