Phospho-NF-kB p65/RelA-S536 Rabbit pAb - Q04206

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: NF-kB p65/RelA Function and Localization

• NF-kB p65/RelA is a subunit of the NF-kB transcription factor complex, a pleiotropic regulator present in almost all cell types that controls genes involved in inflammation, immunity, differentiation, cell growth, tumorigenesis, and apoptosis.
• The most abundant NF-kB form is the RELA-NFKB1 heterodimer, which binds kappa-B DNA sites with distinct affinity; different dimer combinations act as transcriptional activators or repressors.
• In resting cells, NF-kB is retained in the cytoplasm by IkB inhibitors; upon stimulation, IkB phosphorylation and degradation liberates NF-kB, allowing nuclear translocation and target gene activation.
• RELA undergoes extensive post-translational modifications—including phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, and ubiquitination—that modulate its transcriptional activity, stability, and protein interactions. Phosphorylation at S536 within the transactivation domain enhances transcriptional output.
• Essential for cytokine gene expression in T-cells, bridging innate and adaptive immune responses. Related references: PMID:15790681
• A key transcription factor regulating the interferon response during SARS-CoV-2 infection, underscoring its role in antiviral innate immunity. Related references: PMID:33440148
• Subcellular localization dynamically shuttles between the nucleus and cytoplasm, governed by nuclear localization signals and IkB interactions.

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• Use phosphatase inhibitors in lysis and incubation buffers to preserve the S536 phospho-epitope and avoid signal loss.
• Always include a total NF-kB p65 antibody as a loading and normalization control in western blot experiments to confirm phosphorylation-specific changes.
• For IHC-P, optimize antigen retrieval and block endogenous peroxidases; consider phosphatase treatment of sections to verify phospho-specific staining.
• In ELISA applications, determine optimal antibody dilutions and detection conditions empirically for each assay format.

CamelBio: Your One-Stop Sourcing Bridge

CamelBio is your dedicated partner for IVD raw-material procurement, offering validated antibody pairs, optimized monoclonal/polyclonal antibodies, and bulk ancillary reagents to accelerate diagnostic development. With deep expertise in phosphorylated antibodies and NF-kB pathway research, we support the sourcing of rare-target raw materials, including phospho-specific clones, to streamline your assay development from concept to clinical validation. Our global supply network ensures reliable access to high-quality materials for next-generation diagnostic kits.