Phospho-MLKL-S441 Rabbit pAb for WB and ELISA - Q9D2Y4

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: MLKL Function and Localization

• Pseudokinase function and activation in necroptosis: MLKL is a pseudokinase that lacks intrinsic kinase activity and serves as a critical effector of TNF-induced necroptosis. Upon phosphorylation by RIPK3, it homotrimerizes, localizes to the plasma membrane, and triggers necrotic cell death via calcium influx and membrane damage. Related references: PMID:23835476 PMID:24012422 PMID:24019532
• Nuclear necroptosis pathway: MLKL also mediates nuclear necroptosis in response to viral infection, where nuclear RIPK3 phosphorylation disrupts the nuclear envelope, releasing DNA into the cytosol. Related references: PMID:32200799 PMID:32296175
• Inositol phosphate binding: Binding to highly phosphorylated inositol phosphates (e.g., InsP6) is essential for MLKL’s necroptotic function.
• Subcellular localization: MLKL localizes to the cytoplasm, cell membrane, and nucleus.
• Tissue expression pattern: Highly expressed in thymus, colon, intestine, liver, spleen, and lung; low in heart, skeletal muscle, and kidney; not detected in brain.
• Alternative splicing: The Mlkl gene undergoes alternative splicing, generating multiple isoforms.

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• For Western blot, induce necroptosis in cell or tissue lysates (e.g., TNF + caspase inhibitor) to enrich phosphorylated MLKL; include phosphatase inhibitors during sample preparation and confirm the band at ~54 kDa.
• For ELISA, use the phosphorylated peptide as coating antigen and validate specificity with a non-phosphorylated counterpart; cross-reactivity with human and rat should be verified in the relevant sample systems.
• Consider phospho-specific validation protocols such as phosphatase treatment to confirm signal specificity.

CamelBio: Your One-Stop Sourcing Bridge

CamelBio is your one-stop partner for IVD raw material sourcing, offering validated phospho-specific antibodies like Phospho-MLKL-S441 rabbit pAb, optimized for necroptosis and cell death research. Our supply capabilities extend to antibody pairs, bulk ancillary reagents, and rare target raw-material sourcing, providing comprehensive support for diagnostic development from early-stage exploration to clinical application.