Phospho-INSR-Y1146/IGF1R-Y1131 Rabbit pAb for WB, ELISA - P06213 / P08069

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: INSR and IGF1R Function and Localization

• Insulin receptor (INSR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that mediates the pleiotropic actions of insulin upon ligand binding.
• Activated INSR phosphorylates intracellular substrates (IRS1-4, SHC), leading to activation of two major signaling pathways: PI3K-AKT (metabolic actions) and Ras-MAPK (cell growth and differentiation).
• The PI3K-AKT pathway promotes glucose transporter SLC2A4/GLUT4 translocation, anti-apoptotic effects (via BAD phosphorylation), and mTORC1 signaling; the Ras-MAPK pathway regulates gene expression and cooperates with PI3K for cell growth.
• INSR forms hybrid receptors with IGF1R. Hybrid receptors containing INSR isoform Long are activated with high affinity by IGF1, low affinity by IGF2, and not significantly by insulin (PubMed:12138094); those with isoform Short are activated by IGF1, IGF2, and insulin. Another study suggested similar binding characteristics for both hybrid types (PubMed:16831875). Related references: PMID:12138094 PMID:16831875
• Subcellular localization includes the cell membrane, late endosomes, and lysosomes, reflecting receptor internalization and trafficking.
• Isoform Long and Short are predominantly expressed in insulin target tissues (liver, adipose, skeletal muscle) and also found in various other tissues and tumors; isoform Short is preferentially expressed in fetal cells.
• INSR undergoes autophosphorylation at multiple tyrosine residues, including Y1146, which is critical for downstream signal propagation.
• Key structural features include alternative splicing, extracellular ligand-binding domains, a transmembrane helix, and an intracellular tyrosine kinase domain.

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• For phospho-specific detection, include phosphatase inhibitors in lysis buffers and validate specificity by treating samples with alkaline phosphatase or using non-phosphorylated peptide competition.
• Use appropriate positive controls, such as insulin-stimulated cell lines, and monitor bands near 155 kDa in Western blot.
• For ELISA, optimize coating conditions and confirm assay linearity with phosphorylated peptide standards.
• Consider that the antibody may recognize both INSR and IGF1R phosphorylated forms; verify target identity in your system.

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