Phospho-ATR-T1989 Rabbit pAb for WB, IHC-P, ELISA - Q13535

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR Function and Localization

• ATR is a serine/threonine-protein kinase also known as ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein or FRAP-related protein 1. It is encoded by the ATR gene (FRP1) and exists as at least two isoforms, with isoform 2 found in pancreas, placenta and liver but not in heart, testis and ovary.
• Functions as a key DNA damage sensor kinase, activating checkpoint signaling upon genotoxic stresses such as ionizing radiation, UV light, or DNA replication stalling (PubMed:10597277, PubMed:10608806, PubMed:10859164). Related references: PMID:10597277 PMID:10608806 PMID:10859164
• Recognizes the substrate consensus sequence [ST]-Q and phosphorylates downstream targets including BRCA1, CHEK1, MCM2, RAD17, RBBP8, RPA2, SMC1, and p53/TP53, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and mitosis while promoting repair, recombination, and apoptosis (PubMed:11114888, PubMed:11418864, PubMed:11865061). Related references: PMID:11114888 PMID:11418864 PMID:11865061
• Phosphorylates 'Ser-139' of histone H2AX at DNA damage sites, regulating the DNA damage response (PubMed:11673449); also required for FANCD2 ubiquitination. Related references: PMID:11673449
• Regulates cell cycle transitions by restricting CDK1 activity during S-phase to prevent premature G2 entry and is critical for fragile site stability and proper centrosome duplication (PubMed:12526805, PubMed:30139873). Related references: PMID:12526805 PMID:30139873
• Acts as a mechanical stress sensor at the nuclear envelope, where it relocalizes upon stress and phosphorylates CHEK1 to mediate a checkpoint (PubMed:25083873). Also promotes nuclear envelope rupture after DNA damage by phosphorylating LMNA at 'Ser-282' (PubMed:37832547). Related references: PMID:25083873 PMID:37832547
• Involved in innate immunity: ATR localizes to micronuclei arising from genome instability and phosphorylates LMNA at 'Ser-395', leading to micronuclear envelope rupture and activation of the cGAS-STING pathway (PubMed:37788673). Related references: PMID:37788673
• Subcellular localization is predominantly nuclear and chromosome-associated; also found at the nuclear envelope. Ubiquitously expressed with highest levels in testis. Classified under keywords including phosphoprotein, DNA damage, DNA repair, kinase, and alternative splicing.

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• The immunogen is a synthetic phosphorylated peptide around T1989, so this antibody should specifically recognize ATR phosphorylated at this site. For validation, consider using a non-phosphorylated peptide or phosphatase-treated lysates as negative controls.
• In Western blot (WB), a band around 301 kDa is expected. Due to the large molecular weight, optimize transfer conditions (e.g., low methanol, long transfer times) and use a validated loading control of similar size.
• For immunohistochemistry (IHC-P) and ELISA, ensure appropriate antigen retrieval and blocking steps; cross-reactivity with mouse and rat permits use in rodent models, but confirm with relevant tissue controls.
• Since ATR phosphorylation is induced by DNA damage, treating cells with genotoxic agents (e.g., UV, hydroxyurea) may enhance signal detection.

CamelBio: Your One-Stop Sourcing Bridge

CamelBio serves as a dedicated sourcing partner for diagnostic manufacturers, laboratories, and research institutes, providing comprehensive access to IVD raw materials and technical support. This anti-Phospho-ATR-T1989 antibody fits into DNA damage and cell cycle research portfolios. We offer validated antibody pairs, optimized monoclonal/polyclonal antibodies, bulk ancillary reagents, and rare target raw-material sourcing to streamline your assay development from concept to clinic.