Phospho-ATR-S428 Rabbit pAb for WB, IHC-P, IF/ICC, ELISA - Q13535

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: ATR Function and Localization

• Functions as a DNA damage sensor, activating checkpoint signaling in response to ionizing radiation, UV light, or replication stress. Related references: PMID:10597277 PMID:10608806 PMID:10859164
• Phosphorylates downstream targets at the consensus motif [ST]-Q, including BRCA1, CHEK1, MCM2, RAD17, RBBP8, RPA2, SMC1, and p53/TP53, leading to inhibition of DNA replication and mitosis, and promotion of DNA repair, recombination, and apoptosis. Related references: PMID:11114888 PMID:11418864 PMID:11865061
• Phosphorylates histone H2AX at Ser-139 at DNA damage foci, a critical event in the DNA damage response. Related references: PMID:11673449
• Required for FANCD2 ubiquitination and critical for the maintenance of fragile site stability and regulation of centrosome duplication. Related references: PMID:15314022 PMID:12526805
• Regulates the S-G2 cell cycle transition by restricting CDK1 activity during S-phase to prevent premature entry into G2. Related references: PMID:30139873
• Relocalizes to the nuclear envelope upon mechanical stress and mediates a checkpoint via CHEK1 phosphorylation; also promotes nuclear envelope rupture and micronuclear envelope rupture through phosphorylation of LMNA, triggering the cGAS-STING innate immune pathway. Related references: PMID:25083873 PMID:37788673 PMID:37832547
• Predominantly localizes to the nucleus and chromosome, and is widely expressed, with highest levels in testis.

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• Since the immunogen is a phosphopeptide around Ser428, the antibody should specifically recognize ATR phosphorylated at this site. Validate phospho-specificity by treating samples with phosphatase or competing with the non-phosphorylated peptide.
• For western blotting, note the large molecular weight of ATR (~301 kDa). Use a low-percentage gel (e.g., 6% or 4-12% gradient) and prolonged wet transfer (e.g., overnight at 4°C) to ensure efficient transfer.
• ATR is a low-abundance protein; consider enriching by immunoprecipitation or using a high-sensitivity detection substrate.
• For immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, include appropriate antigen retrieval steps and validate staining with a negative control (e.g., peptide block or phosphatase-treated sections).
• Always include phosphatase inhibitors in lysis buffers to preserve phosphorylation status during sample preparation.
• As a rabbit polyclonal antibody, lot-to-lot variability may occur; we recommend re-validating in your specific experimental context.

CamelBio: Your One-Stop Sourcing Bridge

CamelBio provides diagnostic manufacturers and research institutes with one-stop access to IVD raw materials, including ready-to-use phospho-specific antibodies like this anti-phospho-ATR-S428 rabbit pAb for DNA damage and checkpoint signaling research. Beyond antibodies, we supply validated antibody pairs, optimized monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, bulk ancillary reagents, and can source rare-target raw materials to support your development from concept to clinic.