Phospho-AKT1-T450 + AKT2-T451 + AKT3-T447 Rabbit mAb for WB, IHC-P, ELISA - P31749 / P31751 / Q9Y243

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: AKT Family Function and Localization

• The AKT family comprises three closely related serine/threonine-protein kinases: AKT1 (PKB alpha, P31749), AKT2 (PKB beta, P31751), and AKT3 (PKB gamma, Q9Y243), encoded by genes AKT1, AKT2, and AKT3, respectively. They share high sequence homology and overlapping but distinct biological roles.
• AKT kinases regulate diverse cellular processes including metabolism, proliferation, cell survival, growth, and angiogenesis by phosphorylating a wide array of downstream substrates (over 100 reported).
  Related references: PMID:11882383, PMID:15526160, PMID:15861136
• Upon activation by growth factors and PI3K signaling, AKT mediates insulin-induced glucose uptake via SLC2A4/GLUT4 translocation, promotes glycogen synthesis by inhibiting GSK3, and stimulates protein synthesis through mTORC1 pathway activation.
  Related references: PMID:11994271, PMID:12150915, PMID:12172553
• AKT promotes cell survival by phosphorylating and inactivating pro-apoptotic factors such as MAP3K5/ASK1 and BAD, and by activating transcription factors like CREB1 that drive anti-apoptotic gene expression.
  Related references: PMID:11154276, PMID:9829964, PMID:10926925
• Subcellular localization includes cytoplasm, nucleus, cell membrane, and mitochondrial intermembrane space, reflecting its broad signaling roles in compartmentalized cellular responses.
• Post-translational modifications, particularly phosphorylation, are critical for AKT activity; two key residues (Thr-308 and Ser-473 in AKT1) are essential for full activation, while phosphorylation at the turn motif (Thr-450 in AKT1, equivalent to Thr-451 in AKT2 and Thr-447 in AKT3) may influence kinase stability and protein interactions.
• AKT1 is ubiquitously expressed, with altered expression and phosphorylation linked to disease states including cancer; elevated phospho-AKT levels are often observed in breast and prostate cancers.
• Keywords associated with AKT1 (UniProt P31749) include apoptosis, carbohydrate metabolism, cell membrane, cytoplasm, kinase, nucleus, phosphoprotein, proto-oncogene, serine/threonine-protein kinase, and translation regulation.

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• The immunogen is a synthetic phosphorylated peptide spanning the Thr-450 region of human AKT1; the antibody is expected to recognize AKT1, AKT2, and AKT3 when phosphorylated at the respective equivalent sites (T450/T451/T447).
• For Western blotting, prepare lysates with phosphatase inhibitors to preserve phosphorylation; expected bands around 48–55 kDa depending on isoform. Include appropriate positive controls (e.g., growth factor-stimulated cells) and negative controls (untreated or phosphatase-treated samples).
• Consider using phosphatase-treated samples or a non-phospho peptide blocking control to confirm phospho-specificity of the signal.
• In immunohistochemistry (IHC-P), optimize antigen retrieval conditions and include positive/negative tissue controls to validate staining; phospho-specific signals may be sensitive to fixation and processing.
• For ELISA, pair with appropriate capture/detection reagents and validate the assay using known concentrations of phosphorylated peptide or cell lysates.

CamelBio: Your One-Stop Sourcing Bridge

CamelBio provides diagnostic manufacturers and research institutes with one-stop access to validated IVD raw materials, including this phospho-AKT antibody for signal transduction research. As a dedicated B2B partner, we supply optimized monoclonal/polyclonal antibodies, bulk ancillary reagents, and support rare-target sourcing to accelerate your assay development from concept to clinic.