Phospho-AKT1-S129 Rabbit pAb for WB, ELISA - P31749

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: AKT1 Function and Localization

• AKT1, also known as protein kinase B (PKB) or RAC-alpha, is a serine/threonine-protein kinase belonging to the AKT family, which includes three closely related isoforms (AKT1, AKT2, and AKT3). Related references: PMID:11882383
• It mediates diverse cellular processes, including metabolism, proliferation, cell survival, growth, and angiogenesis, through phosphorylation of over 100 downstream substrates. Related references: PMID:11882383 PMID:15526160 PMID:21432781
• In insulin signaling, AKT1 phosphorylates TBC1D4, promoting binding to 14-3-3 proteins and facilitating glucose transport. Related references: PMID:11994271
• It promotes cell survival by phosphorylating and inhibiting pro-apoptotic factors such as MAP3K5/ASK1 and BAD, and by activating transcription factors like CREB1. Related references: PMID:11154276 PMID:10926925 PMID:9829964
• AKT1 activates the mTORC1 signaling pathway by phosphorylating TSC2, leading to protein synthesis and cell growth. Related references: PMID:12150915 PMID:12172553
• It localizes to multiple subcellular compartments, including the cytoplasm, nucleus, cell membrane, and mitochondrial intermembrane space, enabling diverse signaling functions.
• Tissue expression is ubiquitous, with increased protein levels observed in prostate and breast cancers, particularly the Tyr-176 phosphorylated form in breast cancer progression.
• Keywords: ATP-binding, proto-oncogene, serine/threonine-protein kinase, phosphoprotein, and involvement in carbohydrate metabolism, glycogen biosynthesis, apoptosis, and neurogenesis.

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• The immunogen is a synthetic phosphorylated peptide around serine 129 of human AKT1; verify phospho-specificity by treating samples with phosphatase or using non-phosphorylated peptide competitors.
• For Western blot, a band at approximately 56 kDa is expected; use appropriate positive controls (e.g., insulin-stimulated or growth factor-treated human cell lysates).
• For ELISA, the immunizing peptide may serve as a coating antigen to establish standard curves.
• Consider testing cross-reactivity with other AKT isoforms (AKT2, AKT3) that share high sequence homology around the phosphorylation site.

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