Phospho-Akt (S473) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody for WB, ELISA - P31749 / P31751 / Q9Y243

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: AKT (AKT1/AKT2/AKT3) Function and Localization

• AKT1 is a serine/threonine-protein kinase and one of three AKT isoforms (AKT1, AKT2, AKT3) that mediate signaling downstream of PI3K, regulating metabolism, proliferation, cell survival, growth, and angiogenesis. Related references: PMID:11882383 PMID:15526160 PMID:15861136
• It phosphorylates GSK3 to regulate glycogen synthesis and cell proliferation, and promotes glucose uptake by mediating insulin-induced translocation of the GLUT4 glucose transporter.
• AKT1 promotes cell survival by phosphorylating pro-apoptotic factors, including MAP3K5 (apoptosis signal-related kinase), thereby inhibiting oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. Related references: PMID:11154276
• Through phosphorylation of TSC2 at Ser-939 and Thr-1462, AKT activates the mTORC1 pathway, enhancing protein synthesis and cell growth. Related references: PMID:12150915 PMID:12172553
• AKT regulates FOXO transcription factors by phosphorylating FOXO1, FOXO3, and FOXO4, leading to their cytoplasmic retention and inhibition of pro-apoptotic gene expression. Related references: PMID:10358075
• It modulates NF-kappa-B-dependent transcription and phosphorylates CREB1, inducing expression of pro-survival genes such as BCL2 and MCL1. Related references: PMID:9829964
• AKT1 is localized in the cytoplasm, nucleus, cell membrane, and mitochondrial intermembrane space, reflecting its diverse functional roles.
• The protein is widely expressed across human cell types, with increased expression and phosphorylation observed during prostate and breast cancer progression.

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• This antibody is raised against a phosphorylated peptide corresponding to Ser473 of human AKT1; it may recognize the equivalent phosphorylation site on AKT2 and AKT3 due to sequence conservation.
• For Western blot, include phosphatase inhibitors in lysis buffers and consider using a phosphatase-treated control to confirm phospho-specificity.
• Predicted molecular weights: 48–55 kDa for different AKT isoforms; blocking with the immunizing phosphopeptide can help verify band identity.
• For ELISA, optimize coating antigen concentration and consider paired phospho-specific and total antibodies for normalization.
• Validate performance in the relevant sample system and treatment conditions (e.g., growth factor stimulation or inhibitor treatments) before large-scale use.

CamelBio: Your One-Stop Sourcing Bridge

CamelBio provides diagnostic manufacturers, laboratories, and research institutes with one-stop access to IVD raw materials, including validated antibody pairs, optimized monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, bulk ancillary reagents, and rare target raw-material sourcing for the AKT signaling pathway. Our supply capabilities support the development of robust immunoassays targeting critical cancer and metabolism biomarkers. Contact us to discuss your specific sourcing needs and accelerate your project from concept to clinic.