PE/Cyanine7 Rabbit anti-Human TNF-α Monoclonal Antibody for FC (intra) - P01375

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: TNF Function and Localization

• TNF-α (cachectin, TNF-alpha, TNFSF2) is a pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine belonging to the tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily, existing as both a type II transmembrane protein and a soluble homotrimer after proteolytic cleavage.
• It is primarily secreted by activated macrophages and binds to its receptors TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR, triggering signaling pathways that can lead to cell death, survival, differentiation, or proliferation depending on the cellular context.
• TNF-α acts as an endogenous pyrogen, inducing fever directly or via IL-1 stimulation, and is a key mediator of cachexia in chronic inflammation and cancer.
• In regulatory T cells (Tregs), TNF-α impairs suppressive function by up-regulating protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), which dephosphorylates FOXP3 at Ser-418, thereby inactivating FOXP3 and compromising Treg activity in rheumatoid arthritis. Related references: PMID:23396208
• TNF-α can mediate anticancer activity: in bladder cancer cells, BCG-stimulated neutrophils kill tumor cells via a TNF-α-dependent mechanism that synergizes with SMAC mimetics. Related references: PMID:16829952 PMID:22517918 PMID:23396208
• It promotes angiogenesis by synergistically inducing VEGF production with IL-1β and IL-6, and it stimulates osteoclastogenesis, thereby contributing to bone resorption. Related references: PMID:12794819
• The intracellular domain (ICD) of TNF-α can be generated by regulated intramembrane proteolysis and has been shown to induce IL-12 production in dendritic cells.
• TNF-α is localized at the cell membrane and is also secreted; post-translational modifications include glycosylation, phosphorylation, myristoylation, and disulfide bond formation, which modulate its stability and function.

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• The immunogen (aa 77-233) corresponds to the soluble extracellular domain of human TNF-α; this antibody is expected to recognize both the transmembrane precursor and the secreted mature cytokine.
• For intracellular flow cytometry (FC intra), optimize cell fixation and permeabilization conditions. Use unstimulated cells or irrelevant stimulations as negative controls.
• Titrate the antibody to determine the optimal staining concentration for your specific experimental system and cell type.
• Since cross-reactivity is limited to human, validate specificity in human samples and consider using species‑matched biological controls.

CamelBio: Your One-Stop Sourcing Bridge

As a comprehensive IVD raw-material partner, CamelBio connects diagnostic manufacturers, clinical laboratories, and research institutes with high-quality reagents like this TNF-α monoclonal antibody. We provide one-stop access to validated antibody pairs, optimized monoclonals and polyclonals, bulk ancillary reagents, and rare-target sourcing—supporting your immunology, inflammation, and oncology assay development from concept to clinic.