PE Rabbit anti-Mouse CD28 Monoclonal Antibody for Flow Cytometry - P31041

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: CD28 Function and Localization

• CD28 is a T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein and a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, functioning as a costimulatory receptor essential for effective T-cell activation.
• Upon engagement with its ligands CD80 (B7-1) or CD86 (B7-2), CD28 provides a critical second signal that, together with TCR/CD3 ligation, enhances T-cell proliferation, survival, and cytokine production (PubMed:7688139).
  Related references:
  PMID:7688139
• This costimulation leads to increased IL-2 secretion in both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets and, in conjunction with CD40L, promotes IL-4 and IL-10 production.
• Molecularly, CD28 ligation recruits signaling molecules such as protein kinase C-theta (PRKCQ) and GRB2, activating NF-kappa-B via both PI3K/Akt-dependent and -independent pathways.
• CD28 is a transmembrane glycoprotein containing an extracellular immunoglobulin-like domain, a single transmembrane helix, and a cytoplasmic tail with signaling motifs.
• It localizes exclusively to the cell membrane and is modified by phosphorylation and glycosylation, which regulate its signaling functions.
• Keywords: 3D-structure, Cell membrane, Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein, Immunoglobulin domain, Membrane, Phosphoprotein, Receptor, Reference proteome, Signal, Transmembrane, Transmembrane helix.

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• The immunogen corresponds to the extracellular domain (amino acids 20-149) of mouse CD28, suggesting the antibody recognizes the native cell surface receptor.
• For flow cytometry applications, titrate the antibody to determine the optimal working concentration for your specific cell type.
• Use appropriate isotype controls and viability dyes to ensure accurate gating and exclude non-specific binding.
• Consider co-staining with anti-CD3 to identify T-cell subsets, and validate the staining pattern in activated versus resting T cells.
• Fixation and permeabilization protocols may alter epitope accessibility; validate the antibody for intracellular staining if needed.

CamelBio: Your One-Stop Sourcing Bridge

CamelBio is your trusted partner for comprehensive IVD raw material sourcing, from antibody pairs and bulk reagents to custom antibody development and supply chain solutions. For research on T-cell costimulation and immune checkpoint pathways, we offer a specialized portfolio including monoclonal antibodies like this anti-CD28 PE conjugate, alongside technical and procurement support to accelerate your diagnostic development. Reach out to discover how CamelBio bridges the gap from concept to clinic.