PE Rabbit anti-Human/Monkey HLA-DR Monoclonal Antibody for Flow Cytometry - P01903

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: HLA-DR Function and Localization

• HLA-DRA encodes the alpha chain of MHC class II molecule HLA-DR. It forms a heterodimer with the beta chain to present antigenic peptides on professional APCs to CD4+ T cells, guiding T-helper effector functions.
  Related references:
  PMID:15265931, PMID:15322540, PMID:17334368

• It typically presents extracellular peptides of 10-30 amino acids generated from endocytosed antigens in lysosomes, with an essential large hydrophobic anchor residue at position 1 of the peptide for MHCII binding.
  Related references:
  PMID:8145819

• In the tumor microenvironment, HLA-DR presents peptides from tumor-resident APCs via phagocytosis of apoptotic tumor cells or macropinocytosis of secreted proteins.
  Related references:
  PMID:31495665

• It also presents intracellular self-peptides via macroautophagy, crucial for thymic T cell selection and central tolerance.
  Related references:
  PMID:17182262, PMID:23783831

• Immunodominant epitope selection involves two processing modes: 'bind first, cut/trim later' for foreign peptides and 'cut first, bind later' for self-peptides.
  Related references:
  PMID:25413013

• Subcellularly, HLA-DR localizes to the cell membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, early/late endosomes, lysosomes, and autolysosomes.

• At the protein level, it is expressed in professional APCs (macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells) and thymic epithelial cells.
  Related references:
  PMID:15322540, PMID:23783831, PMID:31495665

• Post-translational modifications include disulfide bonds and N-linked glycosylation; it is a single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein.

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• For flow cytometry, this PE-conjugated antibody can be used for direct immunofluorescence staining of live cells expressing HLA-DR. Titrate the antibody to determine the optimal concentration for your specific sample and instrument.
• The immunogen is recombinant full-length human HLA-DR protein, suggesting the antibody likely recognizes native conformation on the cell surface. Cross-reactivity with Cynomolgus monkey is confirmed; thus, it may be applied in non-human primate immunological studies.
• Validate staining with appropriate isotype controls and viability dyes in your experimental system. Consider blocking steps to reduce non-specific binding if needed.
• For best results, ensure samples are kept cold and analyzed promptly after staining to maintain surface antigen integrity.

CamelBio: Your One-Stop Sourcing Bridge

CamelBio offers comprehensive procurement solutions for IVD antibody raw materials, including validated antibody pairs, optimized monoclonal/polyclonal antibodies, and bulk ancillary reagents. This anti-HLA-DR antibody supports immunology research and flow cytometry applications, and our team can source rare-target raw materials or customized conjugations to meet your specific diagnostic development needs.