PE Rabbit anti-Human CD94 mAb for FC - Q13241

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: CD94 Function and Localization

• CD94, encoded by the KLRD1 gene, is also known as Killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily D member 1 (KP43) and is a C-type lectin-like receptor expressed on the surface of NK cells and T cell subsets.
• It functions as an immune receptor for non-classical MHC class I molecule HLA-E, presented with peptides derived from classical MHC class I signal sequences, enabling surveillance of MHC class I expression and self-tolerance (PubMed:10023772, PubMed:18064301, PubMed:18083576). Related references: PMID:10023772 PMID:18064301 PMID:18083576
• In complex with KLRC1 (NKG2A), it forms an inhibitory receptor that regulates NK cell activation and effector functions, counteracts T cell receptor signaling on memory/effector CD8+ T cells, and can act as an immune checkpoint in HLA-E-rich tumors (PubMed:30860984, PubMed:9430220, PubMed:9485206, PubMed:12387742, PubMed:30503213). Related references: PMID:30860984 PMID:9430220 PMID:9485206 PMID:12387742 PMID:30503213
• In complex with KLRC2 (NKG2C), it acts as an activating receptor recognizing HLA-E loaded with non-classical MHC class Ib peptides, playing a role in adaptive NK cell responses and maternal-fetal tolerance (PubMed:15940674, PubMed:9655483, PubMed:30134159, PubMed:9754572). Related references: PMID:15940674 PMID:9655483 PMID:30134159 PMID:9754572
• CD94 is expressed on NK cell subsets, memory/effector CD8+ αβ T cells, and terminally differentiated γδ T cells, with KLRC1 and KLRC2 complexes differentially distributed across these populations.
• Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) can evade NK cell killing by presenting a viral peptide (UL40) on HLA-E, which engages CD94/NKG2A to inhibit cytotoxicity.
• HIV-1 capsid protein p24-derived peptide (AISPRTLNA) can be presented on HLA-E, engaging CD94/NKG2A to suppress NK cell killing.
• SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1-derived peptide (LQPRTFLL) presented on HLA-E may engage CD94/NKG2A, contributing to NK cell exhaustion and dampening antiviral immunity (PubMed:32859121). Related references: PMID:32859121

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• The immunogen covers the extracellular domain (amino acids 32–179), making the antibody suitable for detecting native surface CD94 by flow cytometry. Consider titrating (e.g., 0.1–1.0 µg per test) to determine the optimal staining concentration for your cell type.
• For human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), include an Fc receptor blocking step (e.g., with human IgG or serum) to minimize non-specific binding.
• In multicolor flow cytometry panels, validate the PE channel compatibility with other fluorophores; PE exhibits bright signal but broad emission, so careful compensation is advised.
• Since CD94 forms heterodimers with NKG2A or NKG2C, co-staining with antibodies against these partners may provide additional functional context.

CamelBio: Your One-Stop Sourcing Bridge

CamelBio provides integrated sourcing and technical support for IVD raw materials, from validated antibody pairs to bulk ancillary reagents. This PE-conjugated anti-CD94 antibody serves as a tool for flow cytometry-based immune checkpoint and NK cell function studies. Our one-stop services cover the entire diagnostic development pipeline, including custom procurement of rare targets, ensuring you can move from concept to clinic with confidence.