PE Rabbit anti-Human CD28 Monoclonal Antibody for Flow Cytometry - P10747

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: CD28 Function and Localization

• CD28 (T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28, also known as Tp44) is a 25 kDa transmembrane receptor encoded by the CD28 gene in humans. It is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily and exists as a disulfide-linked homodimer on the cell surface.
• CD28 functions as a critical costimulatory receptor on T-cells, enhancing T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling to promote activation, proliferation, survival, and immune homeostasis. Related references: PMID:1650475, PMID:7568038, PMID:24665965
• Upon engagement with its ligands CD80 or CD86, CD28 costimulation increases the production of various cytokines, particularly IL-2, in both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets. Related references: PMID:12196291, PMID:1650475, PMID:35397202
• Mechanistically, CD28 ligation recruits protein kinase C-theta (PRKCQ) and GRB2, leading to NF-kappa-B activation through PI3K/Akt-dependent and -independent pathways. Related references: PMID:21964608, PMID:24665965, PMID:7568038
• In conjunction with TCR/CD3 ligation and CD40L costimulation, CD28 enhances the production of IL-4 and IL-10 in T-cells. Related references: PMID:8617933
• CD28 also enhances CD40L-mediated activation of NF-kappa-B and kinases MAPK8 and PAK2 in T-cells. Related references: PMID:15067037
• Subcellularly, CD28 is localized to the cell membrane and cell surface. It is expressed in T-cells and plasma cells, but not in less mature B-cells.
• CD28 is a glycoprotein and phosphoprotein with multiple post-translational modifications, including disulfide bond formation and phosphorylation, and it features an immunoglobulin domain and a transmembrane helix.

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• The immunogen used is recombinant full-length human CD28 protein; consider verifying specificity in your assay system using appropriate controls.
• This antibody is conjugated to PE and recommended for flow cytometry applications; for optimal performance, validate the antibody in your experimental setup, including titration and compensation adjustments.
• Because CD28 is expressed on T-cells and plasma cells, consider using appropriate cell surface markers for gating and subset identification in human samples.
• Store the antibody as recommended and protect from light to maintain fluorophore stability.

CamelBio: Your One-Stop Sourcing Bridge

CamelBio provides diagnostic manufacturers, laboratories, and research institutes with a streamlined sourcing solution for high-quality IVD raw materials. This PE-conjugated anti-human CD28 monoclonal antibody exemplifies our commitment to supplying validated antibodies for T-cell immunology research. Our portfolio includes antibody pairs, bulk reagents, and custom sourcing to support your development from concept to clinic.