PAK1 Rabbit mAb for WB, IF/ICC, ELISA - Q13153

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: PAK1 Function and Localization

• Encoded by the PAK1 gene, PAK1 (p21-activated kinase 1) is a serine/threonine-protein kinase also known as alpha-PAK, p65-PAK, and PAKalpha. It belongs to the PAK family of kinases that act as effectors for the small GTPases CDC42 and RAC1.
• PAK1 serves as a critical signaling node downstream of integrins and receptor tyrosine kinases, regulating diverse cellular processes including cytoskeleton dynamics, cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, apoptosis, mitosis, and vesicle-mediated transport (PubMed:10551809, PubMed:11896197, PubMed:12876277). Related references: PMID:10551809 PMID:11896197 PMID:12876277
• Upon activation by GTP-bound CDC42 and RAC1, PAK1 links Rho-family GTPases to the JNK MAP kinase pathway and phosphorylates downstream targets such as MAP2K1, RAF1, and LIMK1, thereby influencing gene expression and actin remodeling (PubMed:8805275, PubMed:9528787, PubMed:11733498, PubMed:23633677). Related references: PMID:8805275 PMID:9528787 PMID:11733498 PMID:23633677
• PAK1 localizes to multiple subcellular compartments including the cytoplasm, focal adhesions, lamellipodia, membrane ruffles, invadopodia, nucleoplasm, and centrosomes, consistent with its pleiotropic roles in cell motility, adhesion, and nuclear signaling.
• The kinase plays a role in the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesion complexes, directly phosphorylating regulators such as myosin light chain and cofilin to modulate actomyosin contractility and cell shape (PubMed:9032240, PubMed:9395435). Related references: PMID:9032240 PMID:9395435
• In neurons, PAK1 is essential for dendritic spine formation, excitatory synapse development, and GABAergic inhibitory transmission, partly through F-actin stabilization and myosin II regulatory light chain phosphorylation.
• PAK1 has been implicated in cancer: it is overexpressed in gastric cancer cells and tissues (PubMed:25766321), promotes cell migration and invasion, and phosphorylates substrates involved in chromatin remodeling (MORC2, PubMed:23260667) and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (SNAI1, PubMed:15833848). Related references: PMID:25766321 PMID:23260667 PMID:15833848
• Additionally, PAK1 participates in insulin secretion (PubMed:22669945), DNA damage response, and stress granule dynamics (PubMed:20417602). Related references: PMID:22669945 PMID:20417602

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• The immunogen is a synthetic peptide spanning amino acids 1-100 of human PAK1, which corresponds to the N-terminal region. This region is likely conserved across human, mouse, and rat, consistent with the reported cross-reactivity.
• For Western blot (WB), the predicted molecular weight of PAK1 is approximately 61 kDa; however, post-translational modifications or splice variants may result in additional bands. Use appropriate reducing conditions and validate with known positive controls (e.g., HeLa or MCF-7 cell lysates).
• In immunofluorescence (IF/ICC), PAK1 exhibits dynamic subcellular distribution, appearing in focal adhesions, membrane ruffles, and the nucleus depending on cell type and stimulation. Fixation with paraformaldehyde and permeabilization with Triton X-100 or methanol may be suitable, but optimization is recommended for your specific cell line and conditions.
• For ELISA, the antibody may be used in direct or indirect formats. Consider using the immunogen peptide as a positive control to establish assay sensitivity and specificity.
• This antibody has not been tested in other applications; if used for IP, ChIP, or functional blocking, thorough validation in the relevant sample system is advised.

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