MDA5 Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody for WB, IP, ELISA - Q9BYX4

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: MDA5 Function and Localization

• MDA5, encoded by the IFIH1 gene, is an innate immune receptor that acts as a cytoplasmic sensor of viral nucleic acids, triggering antiviral responses including type I interferon and pro-inflammatory cytokine induction. Related references: PMID:28594402, PMID:32169843, PMID:33727702
• Its ligands include long double-stranded RNA (>1 kb) and mRNA lacking 2'-O-methylation at the 5' cap, enabling discrimination between self and non-self RNA. Related references: PMID:22160685
• Upon viral RNA binding, MDA5 undergoes conformational changes and associates with MAVS/IPS1 on mitochondria, leading to phosphorylation of IRF3/IRF7 and interferon gene transcription.
• MDA5 is critically involved in detecting members of the Picornaviridae family (e.g., encephalomyocarditis virus) and coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2. Related references: PMID:28606988, PMID:33440148, PMID:33514628
• The protein contains two N-terminal CARD domains, a central DExD/H-box helicase domain with ATPase activity, and a C-terminal regulatory domain; it localizes predominantly in the cytoplasm but also in the nucleus and mitochondria.
• Post-translational modifications including phosphorylation and ISGylation regulate MDA5 signaling to prevent aberrant interferon responses; mutations are associated with Aicardi-Goutières syndrome and type 1 diabetes.
• Widely expressed at low levels, with relatively higher expression in placenta, pancreas, and spleen.

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• For Western blotting, the antibody is expected to detect the full-length IFIH1/MDA5 protein at ~117 kDa; a 25 kDa band may also appear due to alternative splicing or cleavage. Validate in the relevant sample system.
• In immunoprecipitation assays, consider the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial localization of MDA5 and the dynamic nature of its activation complexes.
• For ELISA, this recombinant monoclonal antibody can serve as a capture or detection reagent; pair with a carefully selected detection antibody to ensure sensitivity and specificity.
• The immunogen corresponds to the N-terminal region (amino acids 1–205), which includes the tandem CARD domains; this region is highly conserved and essential for antiviral signaling.

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