Human TLR3 Rabbit pAb - O15455

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: TLR3 Function and Localization

• TLR3 is a member of the toll-like receptor (TLR) family, key components of innate and adaptive immunity.
• It functions as a nucleotide-sensing receptor that recognizes double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), a molecular pattern indicative of viral infection.
• Upon activation by dsRNA, TLR3 signals through the adaptor protein TRIF/TICAM1, leading to NF-kappa-B activation and IRF3 nuclear translocation, resulting in cytokine secretion and inflammatory responses.
• The protein is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, endosome membrane, and early endosomes where it encounters viral RNA.
• TLR3 is expressed at high levels in the placenta and pancreas, and is predominantly found in dendritic cells among leukocytes; it is also highly expressed in the brain, particularly in astrocytes, glia, and neurons.
• Structurally, TLR3 contains an extracellular domain with leucine-rich repeats (LRRs), a transmembrane helix, and a cytoplasmic TIR domain, with a signal peptide for membrane targeting.
• The gene undergoes alternative splicing, and the protein is subject to post-translational modifications including glycosylation, disulfide bond formation, and phosphorylation.

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• The immunogen used for this antibody corresponds to the extracellular domain (amino acids 24-339) of human TLR3, which is expected to recognize native TLR3.
• For Western blot (WB) analysis, consider that TLR3 may migrate at approximately 103 kDa (full-length glycosylated form) or 72 kDa (potentially an isoform or cleavage product). Validate with appropriate controls.
• For immunofluorescence (IF/ICC), fixation and permeabilization conditions should be optimized, as TLR3 localizes primarily in endosomal compartments.
• ELISA applications may be used to detect TLR3 in cell lysates or purified protein samples; include non-immune rabbit IgG as a negative control.
• Since cross-reactivity is reported for human, validation in other species is not guaranteed; perform species-specific sequence alignment if needed.

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