Cytochrome c Rabbit mAb - P99999

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: Cytochrome c Function and Localization

• Cytochrome c is a small heme protein (molecular weight ~11.7–12 kDa) encoded by the CYCS gene in humans. It is a well-conserved electron carrier essential for mitochondrial function and apoptosis.
• As a component of the electron transport chain, Cytochrome c shuttles electrons between Complex III (cytochrome c reductase) and Complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase) within the mitochondrial intermembrane space.
• Beyond its respiratory role, Cytochrome c is a critical mediator of apoptosis. Release of Cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytosol triggers the assembly of the apoptosome, activating caspase-9 and initiating the caspase cascade that leads to cell death.
• The protein localizes primarily to the mitochondrial intermembrane space under normal physiological conditions. Upon apoptotic stimuli, it is released into the cytoplasm through mechanisms involving Bcl-2 family proteins and mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization.
• Post-translational modifications, including acetylation and phosphorylation, regulate Cytochrome c’s conformation and function, influencing both electron transport efficiency and its pro-apoptotic activity.
• Keywords associated with Cytochrome c encompass: 3D-structure, apoptosis, electron transport, heme, iron, metal-binding, mitochondrion, phosphoprotein, and respiratory chain.

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• The immunogen comprises the full-length mature Cytochrome c protein (amino acids 1–105), which should support recognition of the native conformation across multiple species due to high sequence conservation.
• For Western blot (WB), consider both reducing and non-reducing conditions as the protein’s release from mitochondria and heme attachment may affect migration; validate the antibody in relevant cell lysates (e.g., cytosol vs. mitochondrial fractions).
• In immunohistochemistry (IHC-P), antigen retrieval methods (e.g., heat-induced epitope retrieval) and optimized antibody dilution are recommended for formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues to detect mitochondrial or cytosolic Cytochrome c localization.
• For ELISA, pairing this monoclonal antibody with a second antibody targeting a distinct epitope may enable sandwich ELISA detection; validate the pair in spiked samples or biological matrices relevant to apoptosis research.

CamelBio: Your One-Stop Sourcing Bridge

CamelBio specializes in providing one-stop access to high-quality IVD raw materials, including validated monoclonal antibodies like this anti-Cytochrome c rabbit mAb critical for apoptosis and mitochondrial research. Our portfolio spans optimized antibody pairs, bulk ancillary reagents, and rare target sourcing to support your diagnostic assay development from concept to clinic. Partner with us for reliable, scalable supply solutions tailored to your R&D and manufacturing needs.