Complement C3 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody for WB, IHC-P, IF/ICC, ELISA - P01024

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: Complement C3 Function and Localization

• Complement C3 is the precursor of non-enzymatic components essential for all complement pathways (classical, alternative, lectin, GZMK), initiating a cascade that culminates in phagocytosis, pathogen breakdown, and adaptive immune signaling. Related references: PMID:28264884 PMID:31507604 PMID:3653927 PMID:6903192
• Upon cleavage by C3 convertase, C3b is generated; it covalently attaches to pathogen surfaces via its reactive thioester bond, acting as an opsonin, and collaborates with C4b to recruit C2b (classical/lectin pathways) or CFB (alternative pathway) to assemble the C5 convertase. Related references: PMID:28264884 PMID:31507604 PMID:3653927 PMID:12878586 PMID:18204047 PMID:2387864 PMID:624565 PMID:6554279
• The C3a fragment acts as a potent anaphylatoxin, binding to C3AR1 to trigger G protein-coupled signaling, leading to receptor phosphorylation and internalization, and stimulating mast cells and basophils to release cytokines, chemokines, and histamine, thereby driving local inflammation. Related references: PMID:6968751 PMID:37169960 PMID:37852260 PMID:8702752 PMID:23383423
• C3a also serves as a chemoattractant, directing the migration of macrophages and neutrophils to inflamed tissues to facilitate neutralization of triggers via phagocytosis and reactive oxygen species. Related references: PMID:23383423 PMID:342601 PMID:5778786
• Beyond its immune roles, C3 acts as an adipogenic hormone (acylation-stimulating protein), binding to C5AR2 and activating PLC, MAPK, and AKT pathways to stimulate triglyceride synthesis and glucose transport in adipocytes, thereby regulating fat storage and postprandial lipid clearance. Related references: PMID:10432298 PMID:15833747 PMID:16333141 PMID:11773063 PMID:12540846 PMID:19615750
• Complement C3 is secreted into plasma and can also localize to the cell surface; it is abundantly produced by hepatocytes and adipocytes, with plasma levels detectable during both fasting and postprandial states.
• The protein undergoes significant post-translational modifications, including disulfide bond formation, glycosylation, phosphorylation, and a critical thioester bond; mutations are implicated in age-related macular degeneration and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome.

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• The immunogen corresponds to the C-terminal region (aa 1364-1663) of human Complement C3, which encompasses part of the C3b fragment and the thioester domain. This region is highly conserved across species, consistent with the observed cross-reactivity with mouse and rat.
• For Western blotting, consider using reducing and denaturing conditions to fully resolve the 187 kDa protein. The presence of multiple disulfide bonds may cause smearing or oligomerization under non-reducing conditions.
• For immunohistochemistry (IHC), optimize antigen retrieval and fixation protocols for your tissue type. Liver and adipose tissue samples are recommended as positive controls due to high C3 expression.
• The antibody is also suitable for immunofluorescence and ELISA; appropriate blocking and incubation buffers should be determined empirically.
• As a polyclonal antibody, it recognizes multiple epitopes on the immunogen, potentially enhancing signal in denaturing applications. Validate performance in your specific experimental context.

CamelBio: Your One-Stop Sourcing Bridge

CamelBio streamlines procurement for diagnostic manufacturers, research laboratories, and institutes by providing a comprehensive portfolio of validated IVD raw materials, including optimized antibodies like this anti-Complement C3 rabbit polyclonal antibody. With expertise in polyclonal and monoclonal antibody development, validated antibody pairs, and bulk ancillary reagents, we support a wide range of immunoassay platforms. We also specialize in sourcing rare-target raw materials, ensuring a reliable supply chain for your innate immunity and inflammation research projects.