Biotin Rabbit anti-Mouse CD28 Monoclonal Antibody for Flow Cytometry - P31041

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: CD28 Function and Localization

• CD28 is a T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein that serves as a critical costimulatory receptor for T-cell activation, proliferation, and survival, thereby maintaining immune homeostasis. Related references: PMID:7688139
• Upon engagement with its ligands CD80 (B7-1) or CD86 (B7-2) on antigen-presenting cells, CD28 amplifies T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling, leading to enhanced cytokine production, particularly interleukin-2 (IL-2), in both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets.
• Mechanistically, CD28 ligation recruits protein kinase C-theta (PRKCQ) and GRB2, activating the NF-kappa-B pathway through both PI3K/Akt-dependent and -independent cascades.
• In conjunction with TCR/CD3 ligation and CD40L costimulation, CD28 promotes the production of IL-4 and IL-10, modulating T-helper cell differentiation.
• CD28 is a single-pass type I membrane glycoprotein located on the cell membrane, featuring an extracellular immunoglobulin-like domain, a transmembrane region, and a cytoplasmic tail.
• The protein is subject to post-translational modifications such as glycosylation and phosphorylation, as evidenced by its classification as a glycoprotein and phosphoprotein.
• CD28 belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily and contains a conserved disulfide bond within its extracellular domain.

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• For flow cytometry, titrate the biotinylated antibody to determine the optimal concentration for your sample type (e.g., mouse splenocytes or T-cell lines). Use a streptavidin-conjugated fluorophore for detection.
• Include appropriate isotype control antibodies to assess non-specific binding.
• CD28 is expressed on the cell surface of T cells; ensure proper cell viability and Fc receptor blocking to minimize background.
• Validate antibody performance in your specific experimental context, and consider using PMA/ionomycin stimulation controls to verify T-cell activation status.

CamelBio: Your One-Stop Sourcing Bridge

As a one-stop sourcing partner for IVD raw materials, CamelBio streamlines your development from concept to clinic with a broad portfolio that includes validated monoclonal antibodies, bulk ancillary reagents, and specialized sourcing for rare targets. This anti-CD28 antibody supports immunology research and diagnostic applications, and we can assist in building complete CD28-related immunoassay systems with optimized antibody pairs and technical consultation.