Anti-TNF-α Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody for WB, IP, IF/ICC, ELISA - P01375

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: TNF-α Function and Localization

• Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), also known as cachectin, is a pleiotropic cytokine predominantly secreted by macrophages and classified under the tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily (TNFSF2).
• Upon binding to its receptors TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR, it regulates cell death, survival, and inflammatory responses.
• TNF-α is a potent pyrogen that induces fever directly or via interleukin-1 secretion, and is implicated in cachexia induction.
• It impairs regulatory T-cell (Treg) function in rheumatoid arthritis by upregulating protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), which dephosphorylates FOXP3 at Ser-418, rendering Tregs functionally defective. Related references: PMID:23396208
• It acts as a key mediator of cell death in the anticancer action of BCG-stimulated neutrophils combined with DIABLO/SMAC mimetic in bladder cancer cells. Related references: PMID:16829952, PMID:22517918, PMID:23396208
• TNF-α promotes angiogenesis by synergistically inducing VEGF production with IL1B and IL6. Related references: PMID:12794819
• Subcellularly, TNF-α exists as a transmembrane protein on the cell membrane and is cleaved to a secreted form; it is detected on the membrane and in secreted forms.
• Keywords include: cytokine, glycoprotein, lipoprotein, disulfide bond, phosphoprotein, and reference proteome.

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• The immunogen corresponds to the extracellular domain (aa 77-233), thus the antibody may detect both the transmembrane and cleaved soluble forms of TNF-α.
• For Western blot, a band near 26 kDa (full-length) or 17 kDa (cleaved) may be observed depending on sample preparation; reducing conditions are recommended.
• In immunoprecipitation, verify antibody compatibility with native conformation; consider using appropriate lysis buffers.
• For ELISA and immunofluorescence, validate in appropriate cell systems (e.g., LPS-stimulated macrophages) to ensure specificity.

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CamelBio offers validated antibody pairs, optimized monoclonal/polyclonal antibodies, bulk ancillary reagents, and rare target raw-material sourcing for cytokine and inflammation research. Our one-stop sourcing model supports diagnostic and therapeutic developers from early R&D through clinical testing.