Anti-Thioredoxin 1 (Trx1/TXN) Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody - P10599

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: Thioredoxin Function and Localization

• Thioredoxin (TXN) is encoded by the TXN gene in humans (GeneID: 7295) and is also known as ATL-derived factor (ADF) or surface-associated sulphydryl protein (SASP) (UniProt P10599).
• It participates in redox reactions through reversible oxidation of its active center dithiol to a disulfide, catalyzing dithiol-disulfide exchange. Related references: PMID:17182577, PMID:19032234, PMID:2176490
• TXN plays a role in reversible S-nitrosylation of cysteine residues in target proteins, contributing to the intracellular nitric oxide response; it nitrosylates CASP3 active site Cys, inhibiting caspase-3. Related references: PMID:16408020, PMID:17606900
• It induces FOS/JUN AP-1 DNA-binding activity in ionizing radiation cells via its redox status, stimulating AP-1 transcriptional activity. Related references: PMID:11118054, PMID:9108029
• ADF augments expression of the interleukin-2 receptor TAC (IL2R/P55).
• Subcellular localization includes nucleus, cytoplasm, and secreted forms; it is also an allergen and undergoes acetylation and Ubl conjugation.
• Keywords highlight its roles in electron transport, transcription regulation, and redox activity, with a molecular weight of about 12 kDa (predicted 11.7 kDa).

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• The immunogen is a synthetic peptide spanning amino acids 2-105 of human Trx1 (NP_003320.2), targeting the N-terminal region; consider this when interpreting band patterns in western blot.
• For WB, a band around 12 kDa is expected; optimize reducing conditions and blocking to minimize background.
• When using IHC-P and IF/ICC, appropriate antigen retrieval and permeabilization may be necessary; validate cross-reactivity in mouse tissues.
• IP and ELISA applications are feasible with this polyclonal antibody; titrate and include appropriate controls for each experiment.

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