Anti-Smad9 Polyclonal Antibody for IHC-P and ELISA - O15198

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: SMAD9 Function and Localization

• SMAD9, also known as Smad8 or MADH9, belongs to the SMAD family of transcriptional modulators that mediate signal transduction for the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily.
• As a receptor-regulated SMAD (R-SMAD), SMAD9 is specifically activated by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type 1 receptor kinases, playing a critical role in BMP signaling pathways.
• Upon phosphorylation and activation, SMAD9 forms complexes with the common-mediator SMAD (SMAD4) and translocates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus to regulate target gene transcription.
• SMAD9 exhibits broad tissue expression, with detected presence in heart, brain, placenta, lung, skeletal muscle, prostate, testis, ovary, and small intestine, as well as in fetal brain, lung, and kidney.
• The protein features N-terminal DNA-binding MH1 and C-terminal effector MH2 domains, along with a zinc-coordinating motif, consistent with its function as a transcription factor.
• Post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, and alternative splicing have been reported, contributing to functional diversity and regulation of SMAD9 activity.
• Genetic variants in SMAD9 are associated with clinical phenotypes such as pulmonary arterial hypertension, underscoring its importance in vascular biology and disease.

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• The immunogen encompasses the N-terminal 300 amino acids (aa 1-300) of human SMAD9, a region that may allow detection of full-length protein and potentially some splice variants; however, variant-specific responsiveness should be validated experimentally.
• In immunohistochemistry (IHC-P), optimal antigen retrieval protocols and antibody titrations should be determined individually for each tissue type and fixation method to achieve clear, specific staining.
• For ELISA applications, consider using this antibody as a capture or detection reagent in a matched-pair format; appropriate positive controls (e.g., recombinant SMAD9 protein) and concentration optimization are essential.
• The predicted molecular weight is 52 kDa; minor band shifts may occur due to phosphorylation or other modifications; verify band patterns using appropriate positive and negative cell or tissue lysates.
• Cross-reactivity is reported for human, mouse, and rat; sequence homology should be examined for other species if broader reactivity is desired.

CamelBio: Your One-Stop Sourcing Bridge

CamelBio offers diagnostic manufacturers and research institutions comprehensive access to IVD raw materials, specializing in high-quality antibodies like this anti-Smad9 polyclonal antibody for BMP signaling and transcription studies. We provide validated antibody pairs, optimized monoclonal/polyclonal reagents, and bulk ancillary material supply to streamline assay development. For rare or custom-target needs, our sourcing capabilities help bridge the gap from concept to clinic, ensuring you get the raw materials that match your project requirements.