Anti-Smad2 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody (KO Validated) for WB, IHC-P, IF/ICC, ELISA - Q15796

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: Smad2 Function and Localization

• SMAD family member 2 (Smad2), also known as JV18-1, hMAD-2, and MAD homolog 2, is a ~52 kDa intracellular signal transducer and transcriptional modulator.
• It functions as a receptor-regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) activated by TGF-beta and activin type 1 receptor kinases, mediating signal transduction from the cell surface to the nucleus.
• Upon phosphorylation, Smad2 forms a complex with SMAD4 and translocates to the nucleus, where it binds the TRE element in promoters of TGF-beta-responsive genes to regulate transcription.
• Smad2 positively regulates PDPK1 kinase activity by promoting its dissociation from the inhibitory 14-3-3 protein YWHAQ.
• It may act as a tumor suppressor in colorectal carcinoma, as indicated by studies showing its inactivation in such cancers. Related references: PMID:8752209
• Subcellular localization is primarily cytoplasmic, but it shuttles to the nucleus upon activation; also detected in the nucleus under basal conditions.
• High expression is observed in skeletal muscle, endothelial cells, heart, and placenta, with tissue-specific roles in development and differentiation.
• Post-translational modifications include phosphorylation (key for activation), acetylation, and ubiquitination, which regulate its stability, activity, and protein interactions.

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• The immunogen corresponds to the N-terminal region (amino acids 1-100) of human Smad2, which is conserved among human, mouse, and rat, supporting the listed cross-reactivity.
• For Western blotting (WB), the expected band is at approximately 52 kDa; knockout validation ensures specificity, but it is still advisable to include positive and negative controls in your experiments.
• In immunohistochemistry (IHC-P) and immunofluorescence (IF/ICC), consider optimizing antigen retrieval and antibody dilution for each tissue type, as Smad2 expression levels vary.
• For ELISA, the polyclonal nature may enhance sensitivity, but titrate the antibody to determine the optimal working concentration for your specific assay format.
• Since Smad2 is a signaling protein that can be post-translationally modified, ensure lysis and sample preparation conditions preserve relevant modifications if studying activation states.

CamelBio: Your One-Stop Sourcing Bridge

CamelBio serves as a comprehensive one-stop platform for IVD raw materials, connecting diagnostic manufacturers and research labs with validated antibodies, antibody pairs, and ancillary reagents. For Smad2-related research and assay development, CamelBio can source optimized monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, including KO-validated reagents like this one, along with bulk quantities and technical consultation to support your projects from concept to clinic. Whether you need rare target raw materials or established biomarkers, CamelBio is your trusted procurement partner.