Anti-Smad1 Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (KO Validated) for WB, IHC-P, IP, ELISA - Q15797

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: Smad1 Function and Localization

• SMAD1 (SMAD family member 1), also referred to as JV4-1, Mad-related protein 1, Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 1 (MADH1), and transforming growth factor-beta-signaling protein 1 (BSP-1), functions as a transcriptional modulator within the BMP signaling cascade.
• It plays a pivotal role in embryonic development, cell differentiation, and tissue homeostasis by relaying signals from the TGF-beta superfamily (PubMed:9335504).
  Related references:
  PMID:9335504
• Following BMP ligand binding, SMAD1 is phosphorylated by activated type I BMP receptors, partners with SMAD4 to form a heteromeric complex, and enters the nucleus to bind Smad Binding Elements (SBEs), thereby modulating target gene transcription (PubMed:33667543).
  Related references:
  PMID:33667543
• The SMAD1/OAZ1/PSMB4 complex facilitates degradation of the CREBBP/EP300 repressor SNIP1, and SMAD1 promotes BMP4-induced MSX1 expression subsequent to IPO7-mediated nuclear import (By similarity).
• SMAD1 localizes predominantly to the cytoplasm in unstimulated cells and translocates to the nucleus upon activation, consistent with its dual role in signal transduction and transcriptional regulation.
• Post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination, as well as zinc binding, dynamically regulate SMAD1 activity and stability.
• While SMAD1 is expressed ubiquitously, the highest levels are detected in heart and skeletal muscle, indicating specialized roles in these tissues.

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• The immunogen corresponds to amino acids 20–240 of human Smad1 (NP_005891.1); this N-terminal region may be conserved across species. Verify reactivity in your specific experimental species and sample type.
• For Western blotting, a band of approximately 52 kDa is expected; consider using KO-validated lysates as positive/negative controls to confirm specificity.
• This antibody has been validated for WB, IHC-P, IP, and ELISA; appropriate optimization (e.g., dilution, incubation time, blocking conditions) is recommended for each application.
• Given the ubiquitous but variable expression of Smad1, include appropriate loading controls and tissue-specific positive controls (e.g., heart or skeletal muscle) when performing quantitative comparisons.

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