Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody for WB, IF/ICC, IP, ELISA - P0DTC2

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 Function and Localization

• The SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) glycoprotein mediates viral entry by binding to host receptor ACE2 (PubMed:32142651, PubMed:32155444, PubMed:33607086) and triggering membrane fusion. Related references: PMID:32142651, PMID:32155444, PMID:33607086
• It is synthesized as a precursor and cleaved into S1 and S2 subunits; S1 contains the receptor-binding domain, while S2 mediates fusion (PubMed:34561887). Related references: PMID:34561887
• Viral entry can occur via direct fusion at the cell membrane upon S2' cleavage by TMPRSS2, or via endocytosis facilitated by cathepsin L (CSTL) (PubMed:32075877, PubMed:32221306, PubMed:32703818, PubMed:34159616). Related references: PMID:32075877, PMID:32221306, PMID:32703818, PMID:34159616
• Alternative receptors include NRP1/NRP2 (PubMed:33082294, PubMed:33082293), integrins (PubMed:35150743), and ASGR1 (PubMed:34837059), which may explain tropism for olfactory epithelium (PubMed:33082293). Related references: PMID:33082294, PMID:33082293, PMID:35150743, PMID:34837059
• The S protein is a class I viral fusion protein that undergoes irreversible conformational changes from pre-fusion to post-fusion states, driven by heptad repeat coiled-coil formation (PubMed:34561887). Related references: PMID:34561887
• Subcellular localization includes virion membrane, host endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane, and host cell membrane.
• The protein is heavily glycosylated, contains disulfide bonds, and is palmitoylated, with a molecular weight of ~141 kDa.
• Keywords highlight roles in viral attachment, membrane fusion, immunoevasion, and superantigen activity.

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• The immunogen corresponds to amino acids 11–682 within the S1 subunit N-terminal domain; therefore, this antibody is suitable for detecting the S1 subunit or full-length spike in denaturing/reducing Western blot conditions. Expect a band at ~141 kDa for full-length spike, with potential lower bands representing S1 (~75–80 kDa) upon cleavage.
• For immunofluorescence (IF/ICC), consider optimizing permeabilization conditions since the spike protein traffics through the ER-Golgi and localizes to the plasma membrane.
• This antibody has been validated for immunoprecipitation (IP) applications; confirm compatibility with your lysis buffer and target expression levels.
• In ELISA, consider pairing with an S2-specific antibody to differentiate full-length spike from shed S1, which is relevant in diagnostic assay development.
• Always validate the antibody in the relevant sample system (e.g., SARS-CoV-2 infected cells, spike-transfected cells, or recombinant protein) and include appropriate controls.

CamelBio: Your One-Stop Sourcing Bridge

CamelBio serves as a comprehensive supplier for IVD raw materials, offering one-stop access to validated antibody pairs, optimized polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, and bulk ancillary reagents. Our SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 antibody supports infectious disease research and diagnostic assay development, and we provide tailored sourcing solutions for rare targets. Partner with us to streamline your procurement from concept to clinic.