Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody for WB, ELISA - P59594

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: Spike Glycoprotein (S1) Function and Localization

• Protein identity: SARS-CoV spike glycoprotein, also known as E2 or peplomer protein, is a 139 kDa class I viral fusion protein essential for virus entry.
• Attachment and entry: The S1 subunit mediates attachment to host cell receptors (e.g., human ACE2 and CLEC4M/DC-SIGNR), initiating infection and subsequent internalization of the virus into endosomes.
• Fusion: Following endocytosis, cathepsin CTSL-mediated proteolysis unmasks the fusion peptide in S2, leading to membrane fusion between virion and host cellular membranes.
• Fusogenic mechanism: The protein transitions through at least three conformational states—pre-fusion native, pre-hairpin intermediate, and post-fusion hairpin—where coiled-coil regions form a trimer-of-hairpins structure to drive membrane apposition.
• Viral fusion peptide: A short region within S2, exposed after cleavage, directly inserts into host membranes to promote fusion.
• Immune evasion: Down-regulates host tetherin (BST2) via lysosomal degradation to counteract antiviral activity.
• Subcellular localization: Present on the virion membrane, host endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane, and host cell membrane; classified as a viral envelope protein and transmembrane helix protein.
• Key modifications: Glycoprotein with disulfide bonds, palmitoylation (lipoprotein), and a signal peptide; structural features include coiled-coil domains essential for fusion.

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• The immunogen is a synthetic peptide spanning amino acids 1–100 at the N-terminus of the S1 subunit; the resulting antibody population may recognize linear epitopes within this region, including potential glycosylation sites.
• For Western blotting, consider using reducing and non-reducing conditions to assess the impact of disulfide bonds on epitope availability, and validate with SARS-CoV-infected cell lysates or recombinant spike protein.
• In ELISA applications, the polyclonal nature provides avidity; test both direct and capture formats, and include appropriate control antigens (e.g., recombinant S1, S trimer) to confirm specificity.
• Reported cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV suggests potential broad recognition across related coronaviruses; additional validation with SARS-CoV-2 spike variants may be warranted.

CamelBio: Your One-Stop Sourcing Bridge

CamelBio serves as a comprehensive partner for IVD manufacturers and research laboratories, offering validated antibody pairs, optimized monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, bulk ancillary reagents, and sourcing solutions for rare targets. Our antibody portfolio against SARS-CoV-2/SARS-CoV spike S1 supports infectious disease diagnostic development, with scalable supply and technical consultation aligned from concept to clinic. Whether you need custom formulations or reliable stock for routine assays, CamelBio bridges your raw-material requirements efficiently.