Anti-PNKD Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody for WB, IF/ICC, ELISA - Q8N490

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: PNKD Function and Localization

• PNKD (paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia) is a probable thioesterase enzyme, also known as myofibrillogenesis regulator 1 (MR-1) or trans-activated by hepatitis C virus core protein 2. Two major isoforms exist: isoform 1 is brain-specific, while isoform 2 is ubiquitously expressed with highest levels in skeletal muscle and myocardial myofibrils.
• It is thought to play a role in cellular detoxification by acting on yet-unknown α-hydroxythioester substrates. In vitro, it exhibits very low hydrolase activity toward S-D-lactoyl-glutathione, though this is not considered physiologically relevant. Related references: PMID:21487022
• The protein localizes to multiple subcellular compartments including the cell membrane, mitochondria, cytoplasm, Golgi apparatus, and endoplasmic reticulum.
• PNKD belongs to a family of metallo-hydrolases and contains a zinc-binding domain, consistent with its classification as a hydrolase (UniProt keyword: Hydrolase, Metal-binding, Zinc).
• Mutations in the PNKD gene are associated with paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia (PNKD), a movement disorder characterized by episodic dystonia (UniProt keywords: Disease variant, Dystonia).
• The protein is also implicated in myofibrillogenesis and is a trans-activated target of the hepatitis C virus core protein, suggesting roles in muscle biology and viral pathogenesis.
• Its molecular mass is approximately 42.9 kDa based on sequence prediction; the immunogen for this antibody corresponds to the N-terminal 1-270 amino acids of human PNKD isoform 1.

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• The immunogen corresponds to the N-terminal region (aa 1-270) of human PNKD, which is conserved in isoform 1. For mouse cross-reactivity, verify sequence alignment between human and mouse PNKD orthologs.
• For Western blot (WB), the predicted molecular weight is ~43 kDa (observed band may differ due to isoform or post-translational modifications). Use appropriate positive control lysates from human brain or skeletal muscle tissues.
• In immunofluorescence/immunocytochemistry (IF/ICC), consider the multi-compartmental localization of PNKD (cell membrane, mitochondria, cytoplasm). Co-staining with organelle markers is recommended to confirm specificity.
• This polyclonal antibody is suitable for ELISA and may be used as a capture or detection reagent; however, titration and optimization are required for each assay format.
• Given the low abundance or tissue-specific expression of isoform 1, choose sample types carefully (e.g., brain tissues for isoform 1, muscle tissues for isoform 2).

CamelBio: Your One-Stop Sourcing Bridge

CamelBio simplifies IVD raw-material procurement for diagnostic developers and researchers. This anti-PNKD antibody supports investigation of detoxification pathways, muscle biology, and movement disorders. Beyond single antibodies, CamelBio offers validated antibody pairs, optimized monoclonal/polyclonal reagents, bulk ancillary supplies, and custom sourcing for rare targets—all through a single integrated supply chain.