Anti-Phospho-SMO (S611/S615/S616) Polyclonal Antibody for WB, ELISA - Q99835

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: SMO Function and Localization

• SMO is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that mediates the hedgehog signaling pathway, essential for embryonic development and cell differentiation.
  Related references: PMID:19592253, PMID:27437577, PMID:28344083

• In the absence of hedgehog, SMO is maintained in an inactive state by patched proteins (PTCH1/PTCH2) that restrict cholesterol access. Hedgehog ligand binding to patched relieves this inhibition, allowing SMO to translocate to the primary cilium membrane where cholesterol binds and activates SMO. This triggers coupling to G(i) proteins, inhibiting adenylate cyclase and lowering intracellular cAMP levels.
  Related references: PMID:27437577, PMID:28344083, PMID:31168089, PMID:32929279

• Reduced cAMP levels alleviate protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated suppression, promoting the release and nuclear translocation of GLI transcription factors (GLI1, GLI2, GLI3), which then activate target gene expression.
  Related references: PMID:31168089

• Active SMO further suppresses PKA activity by directly binding and sequestering its catalytic subunit (PRKACA) at the cell membrane, thereby preventing phosphorylation and proteolytic processing of GLI transcription factors.
  Related references: PMID:36202993, PMID:39138140

• SMO promotes the removal of GPR161, a constitutive inhibitor of the pathway, from primary cilia, further facilitating signal transduction.

• SMO resides primarily at the plasma membrane and the primary cilium membrane, consistent with its role in signal transduction at these critical signaling hubs.

• SMO undergoes post-translational modifications including phosphorylation, glycosylation, and lipidation, which contribute to its regulation and membrane localization.

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• This antibody was raised against a synthetic phosphorylated peptide spanning residues S611, S615, and S616; it is expected to specifically recognize the phosphorylated form of human SMO. For confirmation, consider performing phosphatase treatment or comparing with a non-phospho SMO antibody in your assay.
• The recommended applications are Western blotting (WB) and ELISA. For WB, the predicted molecular weight is 86 kDa; validate the antibody using relevant human cell lines or tissues known to express active SMO.
• Since SMO phosphorylation is dynamic and increases upon hedgehog pathway activation, stimulation with sonic hedgehog (SHH) or other agonists may enhance detection sensitivity in your experiments.
• Cross-reactivity is reported for human SMO; if using samples from other species, verify sequence homology around the phosphorylation sites beforehand.

CamelBio: Your One-Stop Sourcing Bridge

CamelBio offers a comprehensive range of IVD raw materials, including validated phospho-specific antibodies, optimized monoclonal and polyclonal reagents, and bulk ancillary products. For researchers investigating Hedgehog signaling and GPCR biology, we provide reliable anti-phospho-SMO antibodies along with sourcing support for rare targets and custom development needs. Contact us to learn how our one-stop platform accelerates your projects from concept to clinic.