Anti-Phospho-Smad3-T179 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody for WB, IHC-P, ELISA - P84022

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: SMAD3 Function and Localization

• SMAD3 (SMAD family member 3) is a receptor-regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) and intracellular signal transducer, also known as JV15-2, MAD homolog 3 (Mad3), and hMAD-3. It mediates transcriptional responses downstream of TGF-beta and activin receptor kinases.
• Upon phosphorylation and activation by type 1 receptor kinases, SMAD3 binds the TRE element in promoter regions of TGF-beta-responsive genes and, in complex with SMAD4, activates transcription.
• Additionally, SMAD3 can form a SMAD3/SMAD4/JUN/FOS complex at AP-1/SMAD sites to regulate transcription, integrating TGF-beta signals with other pathways.
• SMAD3 plays an inhibitory role in wound healing by modulating keratinocyte growth, migration, and TGF-beta-mediated monocyte chemotaxis, and this effect is hormone-sensitive.
• It acts as a regulator of chondrogenesis and osteogenesis and inhibits early healing of bone fractures.
• SMAD3 positively regulates PDPK1 kinase activity by promoting its dissociation from the inhibitory 14-3-3 protein YWHAQ.
• Subcellularly, SMAD3 localizes to both the cytoplasm and nucleus, shuttling in response to signaling cues.
• The protein undergoes multiple post-translational modifications including phosphorylation (e.g., at Thr179), acetylation, ADP-ribosylation, and ubiquitination, which modulate its activity and stability. It also contains zinc-binding motifs and is subject to alternative splicing.

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• For Western blotting (WB), use phospho-specific conditions with phosphatase inhibitor cocktails and validate specificity using a non-phosphorylated peptide control or phosphatase treatment of samples.
• In immunohistochemistry (IHC-P), antigen retrieval may be required, and phospho-specific staining should be confirmed by comparison with total SMAD3 staining in adjacent sections.
• For ELISA applications, include a phosphorylated peptide standard curve and cross-check with non-phosphorylated peptide to ensure phospho-specificity.
• The antibody cross-reacts with mouse and rat SMAD3, but recommend validating the target sequence homology and performing pilot experiments in the relevant sample system.

CamelBio: Your One-Stop Sourcing Bridge

CamelBio is your one-stop sourcing partner for IVD raw materials, providing validated antibody pairs, optimized monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, bulk ancillary reagents, and rare target sourcing. For SMAD3 and TGF-beta signaling research, we offer a comprehensive range of reagents to support your diagnostic and assay development needs. Contact us to explore tailored procurement solutions for your workflow.