Anti-Phospho-p38 MAPK (Y182) Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody for WB, IHC-P, ELISA - Q16539

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: p38 MAPK (MAPK14) Function and Localization

• MAPK14 (also known as p38 alpha) is a serine/threonine kinase belonging to the p38 MAPK family, which includes four isoforms: p38 alpha, beta, gamma, and delta. It is activated by dual phosphorylation at Thr180 and Tyr182 in response to stress and inflammatory signals.
• The primary function of MAPK14 is to transduce extracellular stimuli into intracellular responses, regulating gene expression, cell cycle, apoptosis, and autophagy. It phosphorylates a vast array of substrates, including transcription factors and other kinases.
• Downstream targets include the kinases MSK1 and MSK2, which directly phosphorylate transcription factors such as CREB1 and STAT1, and also phosphorylate histone H3 to facilitate chromatin remodeling at immediate-early genes. Related references: PMID:9687510, PMID:9792677
• MAPK14 also activates MK2 and MK3, which control gene expression post-transcriptionally by phosphorylating mRNA-binding proteins like ZFP36 (tristetraprolin) and ELAVL1, thereby regulating mRNA stability and translation.
• In the nucleus, MAPK14 directly phosphorylates transcription factors ATF1, ATF2, and p53/TP53 to modulate stress-responsive gene programs. Related references: PMID:10330143, PMID:9430721, PMID:9858528
• MAPK14 is involved in cell cycle control; it phosphorylates CDC25B and CDC25C, promoting their binding to 14-3-3 proteins and triggering a G2/M delay after UV irradiation. Related references: PMID:11333986
• During microbial infection, MAPK14 is phosphorylated in T-cells by Mycobacterium tuberculosis EsxA, leading to inhibition of IFN-gamma production. Related references: PMID:21586573
• Subcellularly, MAPK14 is found in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus. It is widely expressed, with higher levels in brain, heart, placenta, pancreas, and skeletal muscle, and lower levels in lung, liver, and kidney. Post-translational modifications include phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination.

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• The immunogen is a synthetic peptide phosphorylated at Y182, ensuring specificity for the activated form of p38 MAPK. When generating custom phospho-specific antibodies, consider using a similar design with a phosphopeptide and a non-phosphopeptide affinity matrix to enrich for phospho-specific clones.
• For Western blot (WB), a band at approximately 41 kDa is expected. Include phosphatase inhibitors during sample preparation to preserve phosphorylation. Validate specificity using phosphatase-treated lysates.
• For immunohistochemistry (IHC-P), optimize antigen retrieval and use appropriate phospho-specific controls. Cross-reactivity with human, mouse, and rat is indicated, but validation in the relevant sample system is recommended.
• In ELISA, the antibody can be used for detection of phosphorylated p38 MAPK in cell or tissue lysates. Ensure proper blocking to minimize background.

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