Anti-Phospho-NRF2-S40 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody for WB, IF/ICC, ELISA - Q16236

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: NRF2 Function and Localization

• Protein Identity: NRF2 (Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2), encoded by the NFE2L2 gene, is a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor that belongs to the cap 'n' collar (CNC) family.
• Antioxidant Response Regulation: NRF2 binds to antioxidant response elements (ARE) in the promoters of cytoprotective genes, including phase 2 detoxifying enzymes, to promote their expression and neutralize reactive electrophiles. Related references: PMID:11035812, PMID:19489739, PMID:29018201
• KEAP1-Mediated Degradation: Under basal conditions, NRF2 is targeted for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation by the BCR(KEAP1) complex, keeping its cytoplasmic levels low. Related references: PMID:11035812, PMID:15601839, PMID:29018201
• Oxidative Stress Activation: Upon oxidative stress, electrophile metabolites inhibit KEAP1 activity, allowing NRF2 to accumulate and translocate to the nucleus, where it heterodimerizes with small Maf proteins and activates transcription. Related references: PMID:19489739, PMID:29590092
• Autophagy-Mediated Activation: Selective autophagy also triggers NRF2 activation via SQSTM1/p62-mediated inactivation of the KEAP1 complex, linking autophagy to redox homeostasis. Related references: PMID:20452972
• Innate Immunity and Antiviral Defense: NRF2 represses antiviral cytosolic DNA sensing by suppressing STING1 expression, and limits pro-inflammatory cytokine release during viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2, via IRF3 inhibition. It also inhibits replication of multiple viruses in an interferon-independent manner. Related references: PMID:30158636, PMID:33009401
• Subcellular Localization and Post-Translational Modifications: NRF2 shuttles between the cytoplasm and nucleus. It is subject to multiple post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination, which tightly control its stability and transcriptional activity.
• Tissue Distribution: NRF2 is widely expressed, with highest levels detected in adult muscle, kidney, lung, liver, and fetal muscle.

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• The immunogen is a synthetic phosphorylated peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Ser40 of human NRF2. For phosphorylation-specific detection, confirm that the epitope is exposed in your experimental system; consider phosphatase inhibitor treatment of samples to preserve the phospho-signal.
• When performing Western blot, the predicted molecular weight is ~68 kDa; verify band specificity using positive and negative controls (e.g., oxidatively stressed vs. untreated cells or KEAP1 knockdown models).
• For IF/ICC, optimize fixation and permeabilization conditions to maintain phospho-epitope integrity; use 4% PFA fixation and mild detergent permeabilization as a starting point.
• This antibody is suitable for WB, IF/ICC, and ELISA. It is advisable to titrate the antibody for each application and validate in the relevant human sample types.

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CamelBio is a one-stop sourcing platform dedicated to supplying diagnostic manufacturers, laboratories, and research institutes with high-quality IVD raw materials and technical support. Our portfolio includes validated antibody pairs, optimized monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies like this anti-Phospho-NRF2-S40 reagent, bulk ancillary reagents, and custom sourcing of rare-target raw materials. We streamline your workflow from concept to clinic, ensuring reliable access to critical reagents for oxidative stress and cytoprotection research.