Anti-Phospho-NFKB1-S893 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody for IF/ICC - P19838

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: NFKB1 Function and Localization

• NF-κB is a pleiotropic transcription factor that regulates a wide array of biological processes, including inflammation, immunity, differentiation, cell growth, tumorigenesis, and apoptosis, and is expressed in nearly all cell types.
• The NFKB1 gene encodes the p105 precursor protein, which serves dual functions: it acts as a cytoplasmic retention factor for NF-κB complexes, and it undergoes cotranslational processing to generate the active p50 subunit.
  Related references: PMID:1423592
• The active p50 subunit heterodimerizes primarily with RELA/p65 to form the transcriptionally competent NF-κB complex, which binds to the consensus κB DNA sequence 5'-GGRNNYYCC-3' in enhancer regions of genes involved in immune and acute-phase responses.
  Related references: PMID:1740106, PMID:7830764
• Depending on dimer composition, NF-κB complexes can act as transcriptional activators (e.g., p65-p50) or repressors (e.g., p50-p50 homodimers), providing fine-tuned control over gene expression.
• In unstimulated cells, NF-κB is sequestered in the cytoplasm by IκB inhibitor proteins; upon activation by diverse stimuli, IκB is phosphorylated and degraded, allowing NF-κB translocation to the nucleus.
• The NFKB1 protein is subject to extensive post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, acetylation, hydroxylation, S-nitrosylation, and ubiquitination, which regulate its activity, stability, and protein interactions.
• Phosphorylation at serine 893 (S893) occurs within the C-terminal, IκB-like domain of p105, a region that is typically removed during proteasomal processing to p50, suggesting a regulatory role in p105's cytoplasmic retention or processing dynamics.

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• The immunogen is a synthetic phospho‑peptide corresponding to residues surrounding S893 of human NFKB1, indicating that the antibody specifically recognizes the phosphorylated form of NFKB1 at this site.
• For immunocytochemistry/immunofluorescence (ICC/IF), we recommend using appropriate fixation and permeabilization protocols that preserve the phosphorylation state. Methanol or paraformaldehyde fixation may be suitable; however, test with and without phosphatase inhibitors.
• Verify antibody specificity by pre‑incubating the antibody with the phospho‑peptide immunogen or by treating cells with a phosphatase prior to staining.
• Note that the S893 phosphorylation site resides in the C‑terminal IκB‑like domain of p105. This domain is degraded during the proteasomal processing that generates the mature p50 subunit. Therefore, the antibody is expected to detect phosphorylated p105 (~105 kDa) and not the cleaved p50 product.
• As cross‑reactivity has been demonstrated only for human, validate the antibody in the relevant human cell lines or tissues. Expression levels may vary among cell types and stimulation conditions.

CamelBio: Your One-Stop Sourcing Bridge

CamelBio serves as a one-stop sourcing partner for diagnostic manufacturers and research laboratories, providing comprehensive access to IVD raw materials including validated phospho‑specific antibodies, bulk ancillary reagents, and rare‑target sourcing. The Phospho‑NFKB1‑S893 Rabbit pAb extends our offering for the NF‑κB signaling pathway, a critical axis in inflammation and immunology research. With deep expertise in antibody development and supply chain, CamelBio supports your project from concept to clinic.