Anti-Phospho-IRF3-S396 Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody for WB, IF/ICC, ELISA - Q14653

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: IRF3 Function and Localization

• Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) is a key transcriptional regulator of type I interferon (IFN)-dependent immune responses, essential for innate defense against DNA and RNA viruses.
• Upon viral infection or toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, IRF3 is phosphorylated by IKBKE and TBK1 kinases, promoting dimerization, nuclear translocation, and association with CREBBP to form the dsRNA-activated factor 1 (DRAF1) complex that activates IFN-alpha/beta and ISG transcription.
  Related references:
  PMID:22394562
  PMID:25636800
  PMID:27302953
  PMID:16154084
  PMID:33440148
• It binds to interferon-stimulated response elements (ISRE) in gene promoters, acting as a more potent activator of IFNB than IFNA and contributing to both early and late IFN induction phases.
  Related references:
  PMID:11846977
  PMID:16846591
  PMID:16979567
  PMID:20049431
• In response to Sendai virus infection, IRF3 is recruited to mitochondria via TOMM70:HSP90AA1, where it triggers apoptosis through BAX activation in primary macrophages.
  Related references:
  PMID:25609812
• IRF3 is a crucial mediator of the IFN response during SARS-CoV-2 infection, highlighting its role in antiviral defense against emerging pathogens.
  Related references:
  PMID:33440148
• Subcellularly, IRF3 localizes predominantly in the cytoplasm in its inactive state, translocating to the nucleus upon activation, and also associates with mitochondria to regulate apoptosis.
• It is constitutively expressed across a wide range of tissues, underscoring its basal role in innate immune surveillance.
• The protein undergoes multiple post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination, which tightly control its activity and stability.

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• For Western blotting, expect a band at approximately 47kDa. Validate phospho-specificity by treating samples with lambda phosphatase or using a non-phosphorylated peptide blocking control.
• In IF/ICC experiments, stimuli such as poly(I:C) or viral infection can be used to induce nuclear translocation of IRF3, enhancing the detection of the phosphorylated form.
• The antibody shows cross-reactivity with mouse IRF3; therefore, consider using mouse-derived cell lines or primary cells treated with appropriate TLR agonists for functional studies.
• For ELISA, optimize coating antigen concentrations and secondary antibody dilutions to ensure specificity against the phosphorylated S396 epitope.

CamelBio: Your One-Stop Sourcing Bridge

CamelBio serves as a comprehensive supplier of IVD raw materials, offering high-quality antibodies such as this phospho-IRF3-S396 clone to support diagnostic manufacturers and researchers in innate immunity and infectious disease fields. Our portfolio includes validated antibody pairs, optimized monoclonal/polyclonal antibodies, and bulk ancillary reagents for assay development. For rare or custom target needs, our sourcing team facilitates access to specialized raw materials, streamlining your path from concept to clinic.