Anti-Phospho-eIF2α-S51 Monoclonal Antibody for WB, ELISA - P05198

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: eIF2α Function and Localization

• Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 (eIF2α) is a core component of the heterotrimeric eIF2 complex, also known as eIF-2-alpha, eIF-2A, or eIF2-alpha. Together with eIF2β and eIF2γ, it orchestrates the early steps of cap-dependent protein synthesis. Related references: PMID:16289705
• It forms a ternary complex with GTP and the initiator methionyl-tRNA, which then associates with the 40S ribosomal subunit, facilitating mRNA recruitment to form a 43S pre-initiation complex. Subsequent GTP hydrolysis and release of eIF2-GDP enable 80S complex formation. Related references: PMID:16289705
• Phosphorylation at serine 51 (S51) by stress-activated kinases (HRI, PKR, PERK, GCN2) converts eIF2α into a global translation inhibitor, a central event in the integrated stress response (ISR). This attenuates general protein synthesis while upregulating selective mRNAs such as ATF4 and QRICH1, enabling cellular adaptation to stress. Related references: PMID:19131336 PMID:33384352
• Beyond translation control, phosphorylated eIF2α promotes PRKN-independent mitophagy by relocating to the mitochondrial outer membrane upon mitochondrial damage, providing a direct link between translational reprogramming and organellar quality control. Related references: PMID:38340717
• eIF2α is predominantly cytoplasmic and can concentrate in stress granules under adverse conditions. It also localizes to the mitochondrial surface following stress-induced phosphorylation and has been detected in the cytosol.
• This protein is subject to multiple post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation and acetylation, which fine-tune its activity, subcellular targeting, and interactions.
• As a highly conserved protein, eIF2α is expressed across human, mouse, and rat tissues, underlining its essential role in translational control and cellular stress management.

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• The immunogen is a synthetic phosphorylated peptide spanning S51 of human eIF2α (NP_004085.1); thus the antibody is designed to recognize the phosphorylated form. Non‑phosphorylated eIF2α may not be detected.
• For western blotting, include phosphatase inhibitors in lysis and incubation buffers to preserve the S51 phosphorylation signal. Verify antibody specificity by treating samples with λ‑phosphatase or calf intestinal phosphatase before analysis.
• Because eIF2α phosphorylation is often rapid and transient under stress conditions, optimize sample preparation timing and stress induction protocols (e.g., serum starvation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, or amino acid deprivation) in the relevant cell or tissue system.
• For ELISA applications, consider using a capture/detection pair that differentiates total and phospho‑eIF2α if simultaneous quantification of both forms is required; validate the assay with appropriate positive and negative controls.

CamelBio: Your One-Stop Sourcing Bridge

As a dedicated provider of IVD raw materials, CamelBio supports diagnostic manufacturers and research laboratories with a comprehensive portfolio that includes validated antibody pairs, optimized monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, bulk ancillary reagents, and custom rare‑target sourcing. This Phospho‑eIF2α‑S51 antibody empowers studies on translation regulation and the integrated stress response, and CamelBio ensures a reliable supply chain to accelerate your assay development from concept to clinic.