Anti-Phospho-AMPKa1/AMPKa2-T183/T172 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody for WB, ELISA - Q13131 / P54646

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: AMPKa1/AMPKa2 Function and Localization

• 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a heterotrimeric serine/threonine kinase that acts as an energy sensor, maintaining cellular energy homeostasis. The catalytic α subunits (α1 encoded by PRKAA1 and α2 by PRKAA2) are activated upon phosphorylation at Thr-183 (α1) or Thr-172 (α2) in response to elevated AMP/ADP and upstream kinases. Related references: PMID:17307971, PMID:17712357

• AMPK regulates lipid metabolism by phosphorylating acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACACA/ACACB) and HMG-CoA reductase, thereby inhibiting fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis. It also promotes lipolysis through hormone-sensitive lipase (LIPE) phosphorylation.

• In glucose homeostasis, AMPK enhances muscle glucose uptake by promoting SLC2A4/GLUT4 translocation and modulates hepatic gluconeogenesis via CRTC2/TORC2 phosphorylation. It also regulates glycolytic enzymes PFKFB2/3.

• AMPK controls cell growth and proliferation by inhibiting the mTORC1 pathway through phosphorylation of TSC2 and RPTOR, and by phosphorylating FNIP1 to suppress non-canonical mTORC1 signaling, thus promoting autophagy via ULK1 activation. Related references: PMID:14651849, PMID:18439900, PMID:20160076, PMID:21205641, PMID:37079666

• The kinase phosphorylates multiple transcription factors and co-regulators (e.g., FOXO3, p53, SREBF1/2, HNF4A, CRTC2, HDAC5, MEF2C, PPARGC1A, EP300) to exert long-term metabolic and stress responses, and mediates chromatin regulation via histone H2B phosphorylation. Related references: PMID:11518699, PMID:11554766, PMID:15866171

• Subcellular localization includes cytoplasm, nucleus, and late endosomes, allowing AMPK to coordinate metabolic and transcriptional programs across compartments. It is also involved in autophagy initiation and mitochondrial dynamics. Related references: PMID:34077757, PMID:36367943

• Additional functions include regulation of circadian rhythm via CRY1 phosphorylation, Wnt signaling through CTNNB1 stabilization, and tau protein kinase activity under amyloid-beta exposure. AMPKα1 is also implicated in ferroptosis and hypoxia responses through ALDH7A1 phosphorylation. Related references: PMID:31492851, PMID:40233740

• AMPKα1 undergoes alternative splicing and is modified by ubiquitin-like conjugation (Ubl). The protein is a glycoprotein and phosphoprotein, with metal-dependent kinase activity requiring magnesium.

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• The antibody was raised against a synthetic phosphopeptide surrounding Thr-183 of human AMPKα1/α2; verifying phospho-specificity via λ-phosphatase treatment of cell lysates or peptide competition is advisable.
• For Western blotting, a band at approximately 64–65 kDa (α1) and 62 kDa (α2) is expected. Multiple bands may arise from isoform variations and phosphorylation states; use appropriate negative controls (non-phosphorylated peptide blocking) to confirm signal specificity.
• This antibody is suitable for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); consider pairing with a total AMPKα antibody to normalize phospho-signals in quantitative approaches.
• Due to high sequence conservation, cross-reactivity with mouse and rat AMPKα is reported; validate in the relevant species and tissue context.

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